12. Body Fluids Flashcards
Aspiration procedure for PERITONEAL fluid is called..?
Paracentesis
What is effusion?
Increased fluid formation/accumulation between membranes due to disrupted mechanisms of serous fluid formation and reabsorption
Monosodium urate (MSU) colour (both parallel and perpendicular to compensator)
Longitudinal axis parallel to compensator = yellow
Perpendicular to compensator = blue
These 2 chemical tests on synovial fluid is INCREASED in inflammation and/or bacterial infection
Total protein, lactate
This CSF test and its value suggests multiple sclerosis
CSF/IgG index > 0.77 (elevated)
CSF lactate value suggestive of viral meningitis
2.4 - 3.3 mmol/L
CSF/Albumin value that suggests damage to blood brain barrier
> 9
What condition is calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) associated with?
Pseudogout
Fluid between membranes; functions to provide lubrication between parietal and visceral mebmranes
Serous fluid
Purpose of serous fluid collected in EDTA tube
Cell counts, differential
Normal synovial fluid resembles ___________
egg white
Shape of CPPD
Rod-shaped; rectangular; rhomboid
Purpose of serous fluid collected in oxalate or fluoride tubes?
Protein, glucose, other chem ttests
Word for ‘hyperbilirubinemia’ in a neonate
Kernicterus
Aspiration procedure for PLERUAL fluid is called..?
Thoracentesis
Purpose of serous fluid collected in sterile tubes (heparinized/SPS)
Cultures, cytology
Cause of transudate formation?
Conditions that cause increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure
4 primary causes of serous effusions
- Increased capillary permeability
- Increased hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure
- Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Synovial crystal associated with gout
Monosodium urate
CSF lactate value suggestive of bacterial or fungal meningitis
> 3.8 mmol/L in conjunction w/ low CSF glucose
How do you get POSITIVE birefringence?
Crystal’s longitudinal axis is PERPENDICULAR to compensator
Aspiration procedure for PERICARDIAL fluid is called..?
Pericardiocentesis
Classification of joint disease when crystals are present?
Inflammatory
Responsible for the normal viscoity of synovial fluid
Hyaluronic acid
Ingestion of RBCs by macrophages in CSF suggests what condition?
Subarachnoid bleeding
What does a CSF diff w/ increased lymphocytes suggest?
Viral infection
How does turbidimetric detection of protein work?
Acids (sulfosalicylic, trichloroacetic) denature proteins and cause precipitation
Measure absorbance
Another word for peritoneal fluid
Ascites (ascetic fluid)
Normal appearance of synovial fluid?
Colourless to pale yellow
Viscous
Resembles an egg white
What is micrototalprotein?
CSF total protein
Which lab department should each CSF tubes from 1 to 4 be sent to
- Chemistry
- Microbiology
- Hematology
- Additional tests
What does a CSF diff w/ predominantly neutrophils suggest?
Bacterial infection
Cause of exudate formation?
Inflammatory processes that damage capillary permeability or decrease lymphatic absorption
What is arthrocentesis?
Collection of synovial fluid using a syringe (needle aspiration) then transferred to appropriate tube(s)
How is CSF prepared for a cell differential?
Concentrated smear prepared using cytocentrifuge and then stained with Wrights stain
3 conditions that produce elevated CSF protein
- Ig production within CNS
- Traumatic tap
- Increased permeability of epithelial membrane which can be caused by meningitis or cerebral hemorrhage
4 major functions of CSF
- Mechanical support and protection
- Constant chemical matrix for CNS
- Method of excretion for metabolic byproducts
- Transports biologically active compounds in/out of brain (chemical messengers)
