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Clinical Chemistry 2 > 12. Body Fluids > Flashcards

12. Body Fluids Flashcards

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1
Q

Aspiration procedure for PERITONEAL fluid is called..?

A

Paracentesis

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2
Q

What is effusion?

A

Increased fluid formation/accumulation between membranes due to disrupted mechanisms of serous fluid formation and reabsorption

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3
Q

Monosodium urate (MSU) colour (both parallel and perpendicular to compensator)

A

Longitudinal axis parallel to compensator = yellow

Perpendicular to compensator = blue

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4
Q

These 2 chemical tests on synovial fluid is INCREASED in inflammation and/or bacterial infection

A

Total protein, lactate

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5
Q

This CSF test and its value suggests multiple sclerosis

A

CSF/IgG index > 0.77 (elevated)

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6
Q

CSF lactate value suggestive of viral meningitis

A

2.4 - 3.3 mmol/L

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7
Q

CSF/Albumin value that suggests damage to blood brain barrier

A

> 9

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8
Q

What condition is calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) associated with?

A

Pseudogout

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9
Q

Fluid between membranes; functions to provide lubrication between parietal and visceral mebmranes

A

Serous fluid

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10
Q

Purpose of serous fluid collected in EDTA tube

A

Cell counts, differential

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11
Q

Normal synovial fluid resembles ___________

A

egg white

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12
Q

Shape of CPPD

A

Rod-shaped; rectangular; rhomboid

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13
Q

Purpose of serous fluid collected in oxalate or fluoride tubes?

A

Protein, glucose, other chem ttests

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14
Q

Word for ‘hyperbilirubinemia’ in a neonate

A

Kernicterus

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15
Q

Aspiration procedure for PLERUAL fluid is called..?

A

Thoracentesis

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16
Q

Purpose of serous fluid collected in sterile tubes (heparinized/SPS)

A

Cultures, cytology

17
Q

Cause of transudate formation?

A

Conditions that cause increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure

18
Q

4 primary causes of serous effusions

A
  • Increased capillary permeability
  • Increased hydrostatic pressure
  • Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure
  • Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
19
Q

Synovial crystal associated with gout

A

Monosodium urate

20
Q

CSF lactate value suggestive of bacterial or fungal meningitis

A

> 3.8 mmol/L in conjunction w/ low CSF glucose

21
Q

How do you get POSITIVE birefringence?

A

Crystal’s longitudinal axis is PERPENDICULAR to compensator

22
Q

Aspiration procedure for PERICARDIAL fluid is called..?

A

Pericardiocentesis

23
Q

Classification of joint disease when crystals are present?

A

Inflammatory

24
Q

Responsible for the normal viscoity of synovial fluid

A

Hyaluronic acid

25
Q

Ingestion of RBCs by macrophages in CSF suggests what condition?

A

Subarachnoid bleeding

26
Q

What does a CSF diff w/ increased lymphocytes suggest?

A

Viral infection

27
Q

How does turbidimetric detection of protein work?

A

Acids (sulfosalicylic, trichloroacetic) denature proteins and cause precipitation

Measure absorbance

28
Q

Another word for peritoneal fluid

A

Ascites (ascetic fluid)

29
Q

Normal appearance of synovial fluid?

A

Colourless to pale yellow
Viscous
Resembles an egg white

30
Q

What is micrototalprotein?

A

CSF total protein

31
Q

Which lab department should each CSF tubes from 1 to 4 be sent to

A
  1. Chemistry
  2. Microbiology
  3. Hematology
  4. Additional tests
32
Q

What does a CSF diff w/ predominantly neutrophils suggest?

A

Bacterial infection

33
Q

Cause of exudate formation?

A

Inflammatory processes that damage capillary permeability or decrease lymphatic absorption

34
Q

What is arthrocentesis?

A

Collection of synovial fluid using a syringe (needle aspiration) then transferred to appropriate tube(s)

35
Q

How is CSF prepared for a cell differential?

A

Concentrated smear prepared using cytocentrifuge and then stained with Wrights stain

36
Q

3 conditions that produce elevated CSF protein

A
  1. Ig production within CNS
  2. Traumatic tap
  3. Increased permeability of epithelial membrane which can be caused by meningitis or cerebral hemorrhage
37
Q

4 major functions of CSF

A
  1. Mechanical support and protection
  2. Constant chemical matrix for CNS
  3. Method of excretion for metabolic byproducts
  4. Transports biologically active compounds in/out of brain (chemical messengers)

Clinical Chemistry 2 (15 decks)

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