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Clinical Chemistry 2 > 13. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring > Flashcards

13. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Flashcards

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1
Q

Drug category?

  • phenytoin
  • valporic acid
A

anti-epileptics

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2
Q

Half-life of methotrexate

A

8-10 hrs

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3
Q

Drug category?

  • thiopurines
  • methotrexate
A

antimetabolites

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4
Q

Number of half-lives to reach steady state

A

5-7 half-lives

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5
Q

Folic acid antagonist; mimics DNA nucleotides

A

methotrexate

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6
Q

Drug category?

  • digoxin
  • lidocaine
A

cardioactive

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7
Q

Relaxes smooth muscle cells surrounding bronchioles

A

theophylline

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8
Q

Drug category?

- theophylline

A

bronchodilator

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9
Q

4 methods/organs for drug excretion

A

Liver - total metabolism
Kidneys - via urine (water-soluble)
Bile and feces - for lipid-soluble
Lungs - volatile metabolites

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10
Q

Drug category?

  • cyclosporine
  • tacrolimus
A

immunosuppressants

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11
Q

Half-life of vancomycin

A

6 hrs

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12
Q

3 reasons why a drug level may be falsely low and require a recovery dilution

A
  • interfering substances
  • non-compliance
  • hook effect
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13
Q

When are ‘peak’ samples usually drawn for oral, IV, and IM after administration?

A 
Oral = 2 hrs
IV = 30 mins
IM = 1 hr
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14
Q

4 factors that affect drug disposition

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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15
Q

5 common analytical methods for determination of therapeutic drugs

A

MR HEG

Mass spec
Radioimmunoassay
HPLC
Electrophoresis
Gas liquid chromatography
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16
Q

Half-life of theophylline

A

8 hrs

17
Q

Number of half-lives required to eliminate 99% of a drug

A

7.5 half-lives

18
Q

Half-life of lithium

A

22 hrs

19
Q

Half-life of cyclosporine

A

4-6 hrs

20
Q

Half-life of digoxin

A

40 hrs

21
Q

3 factors that influence absorption of drug

A
  • drug interactions
  • solubility
  • food or co-administered drugs
22
Q

Used for treating leukemias, lymphomas

A

Methotrexate

23
Q

Concentration range of the drug in blood where the drug has been shown to be effective without causing toxic effects in most people

A

Therapeutic range

24
Q

Example of an inhibition metabolism

A

Morphine vs alcohol (compete for same enzyme active site)

25
Q

Describes relationship between the doses of a drug that causes lethal or toxic effects with the dose that causes therapeutic effects

A

Therapeutic index

26
Q

Compound that can cause induction

A

Phenobarbital

27
Q

Formula for calculating patient recovery results?

A

Recovery result = (dil factor * RXL diluted result) - QC2

28
Q

2 phases of biotransformation

A

Phase 1 - Fuctionalization rxn

Phase II - Conjugation rxn

29
Q

Toxic to bone marrow

A

Methotrexate

30
Q

2 reasons for measuring drug levels?

A
  • Monitor drug effectiveness

- Individualize drug doses

31
Q

Drug category?

  • antidepressants
  • lithium
A

antipsychotics

32
Q

Half-life of phenytoin

A

~20 hrs

33
Q

Toxic metal that can cross the BBB

A

Lead

34
Q

A drug that has a small difference between functional and lethal dose has a _____ therapeutic index

A

low

35
Q

Inhibits production of IL-2; lowers activity of T cells

A

cyclosporine

Clinical Chemistry 2 (15 decks)

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