1.4.4 Motivation Flashcards
What are the 4 theories?
1) -Taylors-scientific management
2) -Mayo human relation
3) Maslow-hierarchy of needs
4) Herzberg two factor theory
What was the concept of Taylor scientific management?
He argued that workers do not naturally enjoy work so they need close supervision and control.
What did Taylor said managers should do?
Break down production into a series of small tasks
Taylor said workers should be given what and why?
Appropriate training and tools so they can work effiecntly
How many tasks did Taylor say workers should be given
One task
How did should workers be paid according to Taylor?
Piece rate pay
Piece rate pay
the number of times they produce in a set period of time
What does piece rate pay encourage workers to do?
Encourages them to work and maximise their productivity
What style of leadership does Taylor scientific management fit with?
Autocratic leadership
What was the concept of Mayo’s Human relations
Mayo believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social need met
What did Mayos human relation focus on?
focused on managers taking more of interest in workers and treating them as people who have worthwhile options and realising that workers enjoy working with each other
What are the 4 points that Mayo conclude workers are best motivated by ?
1) -Better communication between managers and workers
2) -Greater management involvement in employees working lives
3) -Working in groups/teams
4) Actively participating and having their opinions heard =+ valued
What type of theory does this fit with?
fits with paternalistic style of management
What was the concept of Malsows hierarchy of needs?
Introduced the a hierarchy of needs in which workers are motivated by having each of level of needs met in order
What are the order of hierarchy of needs from lowest to highest?
1) -Physiological (Basic needs-e.g food, shelter)
2) -Safety (Safe working environment, job security)
3) -Social (feeling wanted , sense of belonging, part of a team)
4) -Esteem (?)
5) -Self actualisation (intellectual needs, fulfilling potential)
What was the concept of Herzberg two factors theory?
Introduced the concept of Motivators and hygiene factors
Motivators factord
Certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work hard
Motivators(concerned with job itself) examples
- How interesting the work is
- how much opportunity it gives for extra responsibility, recognition, promotion
- If they can work in a team
- responsibility
- recognition
Hygiene factors
factors that would demotivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder
Hygiene factors examples
- Safe working
- guaranteed pay
- job security
Job enlargement
When workers are given a variety of tasks to perform (not necessarily more challenging) which should make the work more interesting
Job enlargement advantages
- Decreases boredom
- Increases motivation
Job enlargement disadvantages
- Can be costly as employees may need extra training to carry out a more variety of tasks
- Productivity may fall due to introduction of new system
- Employee unions may often ask for extra pay due to increased work
- Some jobs may still be boring even after job enlargement
Job enrichment
Involves workers being given a wider range of more complex and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work.
Job enrichment advantages
- Greater satisfaction when work is completed
- Increased motivation
- Learn skills
Job enrichment disadvantages
- Lack of training
- increased workload
- poor performance
- stress
Financial incentives to increase employee motivation/performance
- piecework
- commission
- bouns
- profit share
- performance related pay
Non financial incentives to increase employee motivation/performance
- delegation
- consultation
- empowerment
- team working
- flexible working
- job enrichment
- job enlargement
- job rotation25
