1.4.4 Motivation

Question 1

What are the 4 theories?

Answer 1

1) -Taylors-scientific management
2) -Mayo human relation
3) Maslow-hierarchy of needs
4) Herzberg two factor theory

Question 2

What was the concept of Taylor scientific management?

Answer 2

He argued that workers do not naturally enjoy work so they need close supervision and control.

Question 3

What did Taylor said managers should do?

Answer 3

Break down production into a series of small tasks

Question 4

Taylor said workers should be given what and why?

Answer 4

Appropriate training and tools so they can work effiecntly

Question 5

How many tasks did Taylor say workers should be given

Answer 5

One task

Question 6

How did should workers be paid according to Taylor?

Answer 6

Piece rate pay

Question 7

Piece rate pay

Answer 7

the number of times they produce in a set period of time

Question 8

What does piece rate pay encourage workers to do?

Answer 8

Encourages them to work and maximise their productivity

Question 9

What style of leadership does Taylor scientific management fit with?

Answer 9

Autocratic leadership

Question 10

What was the concept of Mayo’s Human relations

Answer 10

Mayo believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social need met

Question 11

What did Mayos human relation focus on?

Answer 11

focused on managers taking more of interest in workers and treating them as people who have worthwhile options and realising that workers enjoy working with each other

Question 12

What are the 4 points that Mayo conclude workers are best motivated by ?

Answer 12

1) -Better communication between managers and workers
2) -Greater management involvement in employees working lives
3) -Working in groups/teams
4) Actively participating and having their opinions heard =+ valued

Question 13

What type of theory does this fit with?

Answer 13

fits with paternalistic style of management

Question 14

What was the concept of Malsows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 14

Introduced the a hierarchy of needs in which workers are motivated by having each of level of needs met in order

Question 15

What are the order of hierarchy of needs from lowest to highest?

Answer 15

1) -Physiological (Basic needs-e.g food, shelter)
2) -Safety (Safe working environment, job security)
3) -Social (feeling wanted , sense of belonging, part of a team)
4) -Esteem (?)
5) -Self actualisation (intellectual needs, fulfilling potential)

Question 16

What was the concept of Herzberg two factors theory?

Answer 16

Introduced the concept of Motivators and hygiene factors

Question 17

Motivators factord

Answer 17

Certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work hard

Question 18

Motivators(concerned with job itself) examples

Answer 18

• How interesting the work is
• how much opportunity it gives for extra responsibility, recognition, promotion
• If they can work in a team
• responsibility
• recognition

Question 19

Hygiene factors

Answer 19

factors that would demotivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder

Question 20

Hygiene factors examples

Answer 20

• Safe working
• guaranteed pay
• job security

Question 21

Job enlargement

Answer 21

When workers are given a variety of tasks to perform (not necessarily more challenging) which should make the work more interesting

Question 22

Job enlargement advantages

Answer 22

• Decreases boredom

- Increases motivation

Question 23

Job enlargement disadvantages

Answer 23

• Can be costly as employees may need extra training to carry out a more variety of tasks
• Productivity may fall due to introduction of new system
• Employee unions may often ask for extra pay due to increased work
• Some jobs may still be boring even after job enlargement

Question 24

Job enrichment

Answer 24

Involves workers being given a wider range of more complex and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work.

Question 25

Job enrichment advantages

Answer 25

• Greater satisfaction when work is completed
• Increased motivation
• Learn skills

Question 26

Job enrichment disadvantages

Answer 26

• Lack of training
• increased workload
• poor performance
• stress

Question 27

Financial incentives to increase employee motivation/performance

Answer 27

• piecework
• commission
• bouns
• profit share
• performance related pay

Question 28

Non financial incentives to increase employee motivation/performance

Answer 28

• delegation
• consultation
• empowerment
• team working
• flexible working
• job enrichment
• job enlargement
• job rotation25