14.4 Diabetes & Control Flashcards
What occurs in type 1 diabetes?
beta cells cannot produce insulin.
blood glucose concentration cannot be lowered, so increases above normal after meals.
What is type 2 diabetes?
beta cells cannot produce enough insulin
OR
cells do not respond to insulin, due to non-functional glycoprotein receptor
How can type 1 diabetes be treated?
insulin-dependent, so can be treated with insulin injections
How can type 2 diabetes be regulated?
exercise/monitoring carbohydrate intake
When and how quickly to symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop?
begins from childhood
symptoms develop quickly
When & how quickly do symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop?
likelihood of being affected increases with age
symptoms develop slowly
What are the advantages of producing insulin from genetically modified bacteria as opposed to using animal pancreases?
produced in pure form - less likely to cause allergic reactions
can be produced in much higher quantities
production costs are much cheaper
less religious/ethical concerns
What are the advantages to using stem cells for treating diabetes as opposed to current treatment?
donor availability is no longer an issue
reduced likelihood of rejection
no longer have to use insulin injections
Which type of diabetes is insulin-dependent & why?
type 1, since requires insulin injections for treatment
(since beta cells do not produce insulin)
Which type of diabetes in non-insulin-dependent & why?
type 2, since can be treated without insulin injections - regular exercise & monitoring carbohydrate intake.
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
- HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION
- GLUCOSE IN URINE
- POLYURIA - constant need to urinate
- POLYDIPSIA - excessive thirst
- CONSTANT HUNGER
- WEIGHT LOSS
- BLURRED VISION
- TIREDNESS
Why is high blood glucose concentration a symptom of diabetes?
Insulin either not produced (type 1) or cells cannot properly respond to insulin (type 2)
therefore blood glucose concentration cannot be lowered, so remains high after a meal.
Why is the presence of glucose in the urine a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
body resorts to excreting excess glucose instead of storing as glycogen.
therefore found in urine.
Why is polyuria a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
glucose found in urine
decreases water potential
water moves into urine via osmosis,
increasing volume of urine & need to urinate more often.
Why is polydipsia a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
osmosis of water into urine as a result of excess glucose
body requires greater water intake to replace this lost water
