14. Quality Management (Knowledge Area 5) Flashcards
TQM
Total Quality Management = everyone in the company is responsible for quality in the underlying process of how a product is made.
Process: Manage Quality
Process that ensures quality management processes are being met and improved on.
process diagram
(aka flowchart) can display the sequence of steps a given process will follow
Process: Plan Quality Management
Process that creates the quality management plan and describes the quality metrics
quality metrics
specifically describe a project or product attribute and how the control quality process will verify compliance to it.
Ex: a task completed on time, the failure rate, or the number of defects identified per day
quality management plan
includes the quality standards to be used on the project, the quality objectives of the project, and the quality roles and responsibilities
matrix diagram
will help show a relationship in a process
requirements management plan
document how to manage the project requirements
histograms
bar charts that can show frequencies
flowchart
displays the sequence of the steps that the process will follow
Ishikawa diagram
(aka cause and effect diagram) hows the reasons for potential cause
scatter diagram
will show the relationship between two variables
manage quality
a process that is done to ensure and improve the quality management processes the project will follow to produce a quality deliverable.
It uses data from the control quality process, in particular, the quality control measurements.
Technique: Designed for X
can be used to help design a product for a particular characteristic
critical path method
used to find the minimum duration on a network diagram
Technique: Designed for X
a technique that can be used to help design a product for a particular characteristic
X is a variable that can stand for reliability, deployment, assembly, cost, or safety.
benchmarking
a tool used to compare the standards of comparable projects or products
Process: Control Quality
Process that ensures the deliverables have met the quality requirements by inspecting them.
Quality is about _____.
prevention
The more a defect is prevented, the fewer inspections will be needed. For example, hiring a well-trained programmer would require fewer code inspections.
What in quality management describes a project’s or product’s attribute and how the quality control process will verify compliance to it?
quality metrics
When managing project quality, what process does the project manager follow to ensure that the processes the project adheres to will produce a quality deliverable?
Who manages quality?
everyone
Managing quality is everybody’s job, including project manager, project team, project sponsor, and the management of the performing organization—even the customers are involved.
Manage quality is a process that is done to increase the probability of meeting a project’s quality requirements. From what other process does manage quality get the data needed to improve quality management?
control quality
The manage quality process uses the data and results from the control quality process to ensure that the quality is being improved and met.
A project manager working on a phone development project has met with the project team to determine the grade and quality of the product. The phone needs to have basic functionality to be sold in emerging markets.
What should the quality and grade be for the project?
high quality, low grade
All deliverables should be high quality but not necessarily high grade.
The company has informed all company employees that they must pay careful attention to the work that they are doing to ensure the company delivers a quality product .
What quality management theory best illustrates this scenario?
The project team has met with the project manager to develop the quality management plan and the quality metrics.
What project documents contain the product quality requirements that the team would use to create quality metrics?
requirements documentation = includes the project and the product quality requirements
While developing a smart phone, the project team has decided to look at other smart phones in the market to see how fast they start. The team members know that to be competitive, they will need to meet the startup times of the smart phones currently on the market.
What tool would best help the project team in this scenario?
benchmarking
While planning a project’s quality, the project team has identified certain costs that would need to be included in the project budget, such as testing, inspections, and having the right equipment to do the job.
What best describes these costs?
cost of conformance
The cost of quality includes the cost of conformance, which usually includes prevention costs, such as training, equipment, appraisal costs, testing, and inspections.
After a brainstorming session, the team members have accumulated a lot of different ideas that they can use to ensure the development of a good quality product. Their next step is to organize this information in a visual chart to make it easier for other stakeholders to understand.
What method can best help the team?
a method used to visually organize information
The project’s team members have documented what quality standards are to be used on the project and the different roles and responsibilities for quality management on the project.
What project component will they store this information?
quality management plan
The project manager has met the project team, and they have created a control chart to determine whether the quality processes are stable and if it needs to be improved. They have taken a sample of 30 deliverables that are produced in a row and have identified that six of them are consecutively above the middle line between the upper and lower limits.
What should the project team do next?
Nothing the process is in control
A control chart follows the rule of seven, which specifies that there must be seven consecutive points above or below the middle line, which is the average of the data points, for the process to be out of control.
The project team is having a very difficult time identifying some of the main things causing the deliverables to have many quality defects.
What tool can best help the project team identify the reasons for these defects?
Ishikawa diagram (aka fishbone diagram or cause-and-effect diagram) used to help identify the causes of problems
Who would be best selected to conduct the quality audit?
a team external to the project
This ensure that there is no conflicts of interest during the audit and that the results are objective.
While designing a product, senior management informed the project manager that the product should be cost-effective, as the product will be sold in a developing country.
What technique could the project managers use to ensure that the product’s design is cost-effective?
Designed for X
X is a variable that can stand for reliability, deployment, assembly, cost, or safety
The deliverables of the project have been completed, and the project team has decided to inspect the product to ensure that it has met the quality requirements.
What process will the team use to inspect the deliverable for quality requirements?
control quality
