14 Periodic Trends Flashcards
phys and chem properties of elements can be predicted using the location of elements in the periodic table
periodic trends
elements with similar valence electrons and properties are arranged in one group
periodic trends
across a period
left to right
within family
top to bottom
depends on region of space occupied by electron (distance between nuclei of 2 bonded atoms)
atomic size
distance of valence electron from nucleus; the closer it is, the smaller the atom
atomic size
two definite trends in atomic size
- increasing number of occupied main energy levels
- increasing pull of nucleus on electrons in outermost main energy levels
metals lose their valence electrons; they turn into cations, making them smaller
ionic radius
radius of an ion
ionic radius
smaller than neutral atoms which they come from
cations
larger than neutral atoms which they come from
anions
the closer it is to the nucleus, the harder it is to remove, because it is attracted to the protons in the nucleus
ionization energy
energy required to remove electron from an atom
ionization energy
as atomic size increases, ionizing energy decreases, and vice versa (inversely proportional)
ionization energy
within a family, ionization energy ____ and across a period, ionization energy ____
decreases, increases
within a family, atomic size _____ and across a period, atomic size ____
increases, decreases
observed among metals only
metallic character
simple relative measure of how easily atoms lose or give up electrons
metallic character
decreases across a period
metallic character
within a family, electron affinity ___ and across a period, electron affinity ______
decreases, increases
amount of energy involved in “addition” of one electron to gaseous atom of the element
electron affinity
energy that must be supplied to remove an electron from an anion
electron affinity
as atoms become bigger, electrons are further away from the nucleus, so ionization energy and electron affinity decreases
electron affinity
within a family, metallic character ______, and across a period, metallic character ____
increases, decreases
ability of chem combined atoms to attract electrons to themselves
electronegativity
within a family, electronegativity ____, and across a period, electronegativity _____
decreases, increases
cant be magnetized
diamagnetic
can be magnetized (strong or weak)
paramagnetic
response of materials to external magnetic field measured in terms of magnetization
magnetic property
