13 The Periodic Table Flashcards
substance that can’t be broken down into smaller substances
element
composed of a single type of atom
element
arranges elements by increasing atomic number
periodic table
similar elements are found close together
periodic table
elements are rep. by 1 or 2 letter symbol
chemical symbols
first letter is always capital, second is always lowercase
chemical symbols
derived from latin and other languages
chemical symbols
found on the left and middle of the periodic table
metals
found on the right of the periodic table
nonmetals
if near the ladder, what type of substance is it?
semi-metal/metalloid
columns, total of 18
groups
rows/energy levels; total of 7
periods
alkali metals
group 1
“al-qili”
plant ash in arabic
naturally 1+ ions, never free
alkali metals/group 1
alkaline earth metals
group 2
like alkali but from earth, not plant ashes
alkaline earth metals
+2 ions after losing 2 valence electrons
alkaline earth metals/group 2
“boron group”
earth metals/group 13
earth metals
group 13
+3 ions
earth metals/group 13
properties are diverse and intermediate between properties of metals and non-metals (metalloids)
earth metals/group 13
-4 ions
tetrels/group 14
tetrels
group 14
present in living and non-living things
tetrels/group 14
“nitrogen group”
pnictogens
-3 ions
pnictogens
properties like boron and carbon groups
pnictogens
chalcogens
group 16
“oxygen group”
chalcogens/group 16
-2 ions
chalcogens/group 16
properties vary from nonmetallic to metallic
chalcogens/group 16
from greek “halo” and “gen” meaning “salt-former”
halogens/group 17
nonmetallic; most reactive elements on the table
halogens/group 17
-1 ions, diatomic molecules
halogens/group 17
formerly known as “inert gases”
noble gases/group 18
nonmetals
noble gases/group 18
outer shell is full of electrons; very stable
noble gases/group 18
shiny, hard, lustrous solids
transition metals/groups 3-12
high thermal and electric conductivity; dense with very high melting points
transition metals/groups 3-12
lanthanide series
rare earth elements
1st row of f-block
lanthanide series
actinide series
radioactive elements, most of which are made in the laboratory
2nd row of f-block
actinide series
intertransition metals
f-block
how many elements were discovered from ancient times to 1669
12 elements
how elements get their symbols
- ancient name
- first letter of name
- name of a place
- name of a planet
- name of a scientist
- 1st then 2nd (or other) letter of its name
french nobleman who classified elements with similar properties into groups
antoine laurent de lavoisier
wrote first list of elements containing 33 in total and distinguished metals from nonmetals
antoine laurent de lavoisier
theorized that atoms of the same element are the same
john dalton
set up table of elements according to their relative atomic weights and published his findings in his book “A New System of Chemical Philosophy”
john dalton
improved john dalton’s work and published table of atomic weights with 54 elements
jons jakob berzelius
introduced use of letters as element’s symbols
jons jakob berzelius
analyzed existing elements and classified them into groups of threes and called them TRIADS
johann wolfgang dobereiner
idea occured when Sr’s atomic weight was halfway between Ca and Ba’s
johann wolfgang dobereiner
grouped elements in spiral order divided by vertical line based on increasing atomic weights
alexander-emile de chancourtois
elemental properties repeat every 8 elements, when listed by atomic mass
john newlands
law of octaves
john newlands
arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass, leaving some gaps for undiscovered elements
dmitri mendeleev
periodic table -> periodic law
dmitri mendeleev
element Ge proved his predictions
dmitri mendeleev
arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass, based on plotted values of atomic vol and no
julius lothar meyer
compiled 56 elements based on the periodicity of properties like molar vol when arranged in order of atomic mass
julius lothar meyer
thru work with x-ray spectra determined actual nuclear charge (atomic no) of elements and rearranged it in increasing atomic no
henry moseley
when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic no, there is a periodic pattern in phys and chem properties
periodic law
