12 Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

German physicist who discovered X-rays

Answer 1

Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 2

French physicist who discovered that Uranium is radioactive

Answer 2

Henri Becquerel

Question 3

used Becquerel’s findings to explore radioactivity

Answer 3

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie

Question 4

coined the term “radioactivity”

Answer 4

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie

Question 5

shared a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for their discovery of radioactivity

Answer 5

Becquerel and the Curies

Question 6

spontaneous emission of penetrating rays from the the nucleus of unstable atoms

Answer 6

radioactivity

Question 7

discovered polonium and radium

Answer 7

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie

Question 8

atoms of the same element that have a different mass number (different amount of neutrons)

Answer 8

isotopes

Question 9

do not exhibit radioactivity

Answer 9

stable isotopes

Question 10

exhibit radioactivity (tremendous emission of invisible particles and rays due to the nuclear decay of an atom)

Answer 10

unstable isotopes

Question 11

also known as radioisotopes

Answer 11

unstable isotopes

Question 12

release of particles from a nucleus to become more stable

Answer 12

particle emissions

Question 13

both particles and electromagnetic waves are produced by a nuclear reaction

Answer 13

nuclear radiation

Question 14

phenomena of nuclear decay from radioisotopes that are unstable

Answer 14

radioactivity

Question 15

process where the unstable nucleus of an atom spontaneously emits small particles/energy to attain a more stable nuclear state

Answer 15

nuclear decay

Question 16

most common type of decay in elements

Answer 16

alpha decay (α)

Question 17

occurs when an unstable ejects two protons and two neutrons

Answer 17

alpha decay (α)

Question 18

also written as 𝜶,𝟐 𝟒𝜶, 𝟐 𝟒𝑯𝒆, or 𝟐 𝟒𝑯𝒆2+

Answer 18

alpha decay (α)

Question 19

2+ ions of helium-4

Answer 19

alpha decay (α)

Question 20

positively charged particles

Answer 20

alpha decay (α)

Question 21

occurs in nuclei that have a lot more neutrons than the protons (n/p ratio)

Answer 21

beta decay (β)

Question 22

occurs when a neutron changes into a proton and emits an electron

Answer 22

beta decay (β)

Question 23

emitted from nucleus

Answer 23

beta decay (β)

Question 24

negatively charged particles

Answer 24

beta decay (β)

Question 25

β, −0 1𝜷, −𝟎 1𝒆, or −0 𝟏e-

Answer 25

beta decay (β)

Question 26

occurs in nuclei that have just undergone alpha or beta decay

Answer 26

gamma decay (γ)

Question 27

releases gamma radiation

Answer 27

gamma decay (γ)

Question 28

no charge and mass

Answer 28

gamma decay (γ)

Question 29

γ , 𝟎 𝟎γ

Answer 29

gamma decay (γ)

Question 30

electromagnetic waves of very high frequency and energy

Answer 30

gamma radiation

Question 31

cause the neutrons to be ejected from the nucleus

Answer 31

neutron radiation

Question 32

used for the production of trans uranium elements

Answer 32

neutron radiation

Question 33

often emitted in nuclear reactions

Answer 33

neutron radiation

Question 34

1 0 n

Answer 34

neutron radiation

Question 35

releases positron particles

Answer 35

positron radiation

Question 36

called Beta plus decay

Answer 36

positron radiation

Question 37

positive equivalent of electron or beta particles

Answer 37

positrons

Question 38

antimatter

Answer 38

positrons

Question 39

annihilated when encountered by an electron

Answer 39

positrons

Question 40

+ 0 1 β

Answer 40

positrons

Question 41

length of time it takes for ½ of the original substance to decay into the new substance

Answer 41

half-life

Question 42

determines the intensity of the radiation it produces

Answer 42

half-life