14 CFR 135 subpart D,E, and F Flashcards
135.203
- VFR: Minimum altitudes.
(b) A helicopter over a congested area at an altitude less than 300 feet above the surface
135.205
VFR: Visibility requirements.
(b) Helicopter under VFR in Class G airspace at an altitude of 1,200 feet or less or w/in the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for an airport unless the visibility is at least—
(1) During the day— 1⁄2 mile; or
(2) At night—1 mile.
135.207
-VFR: Helicopter surface reference requirements.
Has visual surface reference or, at night, visual surface light reference, sufficient to safely control the helicopter.
135.209
-VFR: Fuel supply.
Helo- first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising fuel consumption, to fly after that for at least 20 minutes.
135.211
-VFR: Over-the-top carrying passengers: Operating limitations.
No person, VFR over-the-top carrying passengers, unless- (a) Wx shows at termination- (1) Ability to descend beneath the ceiling under VFR until 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival at that point; or (2) IFR app and landing with flight C of C until reaching the initial approach alt over the final app facility, Or (b) conditions allow- (1) Multiengine a/c, descent or continuation of the flight under VFR if its critical engine fails
135.213
- Weather reports and forecasts.
(a) Must use approved Wx or if VFR, PIC may, if report not available, use wx info based on own observations or those of other person competent to supply appropriate observations.
(b) For paragraph (a) of this section, wx furnished to pilots to conduct IFR operations at an arpt must be taken at the arpt where those IFR ops are conducted, unless the Admin issues Ops Specs.
135.215
- IFR: Operating limitations.
(a) Except para (b), (c) and (d) of this section, no person may operate an a/c IFR outside of controlled airspace or at any airport that does not have an approved standard IAP.
(b) Admin may issue Op Specs.
135.217
-IFR: Takeoff limitations.
No person may t/o an a/c under IFR from an arpt where wx conds are at or above takeoff mins but are below IFR landing mins unless there is an alt arpt w/in 1 hour’s flying time (at normal cruising speed, in still air) of the arpt of departure.
135.219
- IFR: Destination airport weather minimums.
No person may t/o an a/c under IFR or begin an IFR or o-the-top op unless the wx reports indicate that wx conditions at ETA at the next airport of intended landing will be at or above authorized IFR landing mins.
135.221
- Alternate airport weather minimums.
(b) Rotorcraft- ETA ceiling and vis of; (1) for arpt w/ IAP or SIAP 200-1 above approach to be flown; (2) If no approach ceiling and vis allowing descent from MEA, app and landing under VFR.
135.223
- IFR: Alternate airport requirements.
(a) Except in para (b) of this section, no ops in IFR unless carrying fuel- (1) 1st arpt of intended landing; (2) to the alt arpt; and (3) fly after that for 30 mins at normal cruise.
(b) Paragraph (a)(2) does not apply if Part 97 of this chapter prescribes a Standard Instrument App Procedure for the first airport of intended landing and, for one hour before and after the ETA wx reports indicate that- (1) The ceiling 1,500 ft above lowest circling MDA; or (2) If no circling ceiling at least 1,500 ft above lowest published min or 2,000 ft above the arpt elev, w/ever is higher; And (3) Vis is forecast three miles, or two miles more than the lowest applicable vis mins, w/ever is greater, for IAP used at the destination airport.
135.225
- IFR: Takeoff, approach and landing mins.
(a) Except para (b) of this section, no pilot may begin an IAP unless- (1) Arpt has wx or a wx source approved by the Admin; and (2) wx reported indicates that conditions are at or above the IFR landing mins.
(b) Eligible on-demand op may begin an IAP to an arpt that does not have a wx reporting facility if- (1) The alt arpt has wx facility; and (2) Latest wx report includes a current local altimeter setting. If no altimeter is available, the pilot may use setting provided by the facility on the approach chart for the destination arpt.
(c) If pilot has begun the final approach segment and receives worse wx……
(i) At arpts w/ straight-in IAP, a pilot may takeoff IFR when reported wx conditions used in (a)(1) are equal to or better than the lowest straight-in mins if- (1) Winds allow straight-in approach to the rwy served by the instrument approach; (2) Facilities which the landing mins are predicated are operational.
135.229
- Airport requirements.
(a) May not use airport unless it is adequate for the proposed operation.
(b) No pilot carrying pax at night may t/off or land on an arpt unless- (1) wind direction is determined from an illuminated wind direction indicator or local ground comms or, for takeoff the pilot’s observations; and (2) the limits of the area to be used for landing or takeoff are clearly shown- (ii) For helicopters, by boundary or runway marker lights or reflective material.
135.243
- Pilot in command qualifications.
(b) Not serve as PIC under VFR w/out (1) commercial pilot certificate w/ appropriate category, class and type rating; and (2) 500 hours time as a pilot, 100 hours of cross-country and 25 hours night; and (4) For helo ops VFR over-the-top, instrument rating, or an ATP.
(c) Not serve, as PIC IFR unless- (1)commercial pilot certificate w/ appropriate category, class and type; and (2) 1,200 hrs as pilot, 500 hrs of cross country, 100 hrs of night, and 75 hrs of actual or simulated instruments at 50 hrs in actual flight; and (4) Helicopter instrument rating, or an ATP w/ a category and class rating.
135.245
- Second in command qualifications.
(a) Except in (b), no person serve as SIC unless that person holds a commercial pilot certificate w/ appropriate category and class ratings and an instrument rating. For IFR, must meet the recent instrument experience of part 61.
(b) A second in command of a helicopter operated under VFR, other than over-the-top, must have at least a commercial pilot certificate with an appropriate aircraft category and class rating.
