14-09-21 - Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

What does the term HAI mean?

Answer 1

• Hospital acquired infection (not present on admission, but present more than 48 hours after)

Question 2

What does the term HCAI mean?

Answer 2

• Healthcare associated infections – infections acquired by hospital or other healthcare setting.

Question 3

What does the term CAI mean?

Answer 3

• Community acquired infections - Infections contracted outside of a healthcare setting or an infection present on admission

Question 4

What does the term SICP mean?

Answer 4

• Standard Infection Control Precautions – Measures necessary to reduce the spread of microorganism from both known and unknown sources of infection.

Question 5

What does the term TBPs mean? <=> quarantine

Answer 5

• Transmission Based Precautions – A set of measures used when a patient Is either suspected, or known to be infected with a specific infection.

Question 6

Give 3 reasons why HCAI Is an issue

Answer 6

• Can lead to chronic disease/long term conditions
• Immunosuppression
• Increasing antimicrobial resistance

Question 7

What is the HAI prevalence in Scotland? And give some examples of common HAI types.

Answer 7

• 1 in 22 patients in acute hospitals have an HAI
• UTI
• Pneumonia
• Blood stream infection (Bacteraemia)
• PVC/CVC related infection (central/peripheral venous catheter)

Question 8

Importance of preventing infection

Answer 8

• Cost – HAI results in approximately £200m in Scotland per annum
• Death – 500 extra deaths a year in Scotland

Question 9

How do you measure quality of care?

Answer 9

• Hospital acquired infections are one indicator of performance
• Health improvement Scotland (HIS)

Question 10

How do we stop HCAI? Mump

Answer 10

• Measure the problem – Do surveillance
• Understand the problem – epidemiology (the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations)
• Manage the problem – education, knowledge, management
• Prevent the problem – (interrupting transmissions (SICPS), prevention strategies, vaccines

Question 11

Give 3 examples of conditions/infections monitored in Scotland

Answer 11

• Norovirus
• Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
• C-difficile (clostridium difficile infection)

Question 12

Name the 10 Standard infection control precautions

Answer 12

• Patient Placement/Assessment for infection risk
• Hand Hygiene
• Respiratory and Cough Hygiene
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Safe Management of Care Equipment
• Safe Management of Care Environment
• Safe Management of Linen
• Safe Management of Blood and Body Fluid Spillages
• Safe Disposal of Waste (including sharps)
• Occupational Safety: Prevention and Exposure Management (including sharps)