13.3 Flashcards

Sleep Stages and Dreaming

1
Q

What is REM sleep (R-sleep)?

A

Faster brain-wave pattern displayed by the neocortical EEG record during sleep, accompanied by atonia and rapid eye movement; stage of sleep where dreams mostly commonly occur

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2
Q

What is non-REM (NREM) sleep (N-sleep)?

A

Slow-wave sleep associated with rhythms having slower waves with larger amplitude

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3
Q

What are the five stages of sleep?

A

Waking, NREM 1 (sleep onset), NREM 2 (asleep), NREM 3 (deep sleep), REM

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4
Q

In waking state, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?

A

EEG - beta waves (alpha when eyes closed and relaxed)
EMG - muscles active
EOG - eyes move

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5
Q

What is a beta rhythm?

A

Fast brain-wave activity pattern associated with a waking EEG

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6
Q

What is an alpha rhythm?

A

Large, extremely regular brain waves with a frequency ranging from 7 to 11 Hz; found in most people when they are relaxed with eyes closed

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7
Q

Where in the brain are alpha waves generated?

A

Visual (occipital) cortex

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8
Q

In NREM1 sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?

A

EEG - low-amplitude, mixed frequency - includes theta waves
EMG - muscles have tone
EOG - eyes can be rolling

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9
Q

In NREM 2 sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?

A

EEG - theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes
EMG - muscles have tone
EOG - eyes not moving

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10
Q

What are sleep spindles?

A

High frequency, medium amplitude waves seen in NREM 2 sleep; associated with memory consolidation

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11
Q

What are K-complexes?

A

Large amplitude waves seen in NREM 2 sleep; associated with suppression of behavioral activity; inhibits waking/arousal

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12
Q

In NREM 3 sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?

A

EEG - delta rhythms
EMG - muscles have tone
EOG - eyes do not move

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13
Q

What are delta rhythms?

A

Slow brain-wave activity pattern associated with deep sleep

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14
Q

In REM sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?

A

EEG - beta rhythm
EMG - atonia; can have some twitching and reflexes
EOG - rapidly moving eyes

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15
Q

How does body temperature change over the course of a night’s sleep?

A

It decreases over the first half of the night and increases over the second half of the night as REM cycles become longer and more frequent

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16
Q

How does REM sleep change over the lifetime?

A

Periods of REM sleep are high in infancy, increase during growth spurts and pregnancy (but not as frequent as in infancy), and decreases with age.