13.3 Flashcards
Sleep Stages and Dreaming
What is REM sleep (R-sleep)?
Faster brain-wave pattern displayed by the neocortical EEG record during sleep, accompanied by atonia and rapid eye movement; stage of sleep where dreams mostly commonly occur
What is non-REM (NREM) sleep (N-sleep)?
Slow-wave sleep associated with rhythms having slower waves with larger amplitude
What are the five stages of sleep?
Waking, NREM 1 (sleep onset), NREM 2 (asleep), NREM 3 (deep sleep), REM
In waking state, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?
EEG - beta waves (alpha when eyes closed and relaxed)
EMG - muscles active
EOG - eyes move
What is a beta rhythm?
Fast brain-wave activity pattern associated with a waking EEG
What is an alpha rhythm?
Large, extremely regular brain waves with a frequency ranging from 7 to 11 Hz; found in most people when they are relaxed with eyes closed
Where in the brain are alpha waves generated?
Visual (occipital) cortex
In NREM1 sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?
EEG - low-amplitude, mixed frequency - includes theta waves
EMG - muscles have tone
EOG - eyes can be rolling
In NREM 2 sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?
EEG - theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes
EMG - muscles have tone
EOG - eyes not moving
What are sleep spindles?
High frequency, medium amplitude waves seen in NREM 2 sleep; associated with memory consolidation
What are K-complexes?
Large amplitude waves seen in NREM 2 sleep; associated with suppression of behavioral activity; inhibits waking/arousal
In NREM 3 sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?
EEG - delta rhythms
EMG - muscles have tone
EOG - eyes do not move
What are delta rhythms?
Slow brain-wave activity pattern associated with deep sleep
In REM sleep, what kind of brain waves does an EEG show? EMG? EOG?
EEG - beta rhythm
EMG - atonia; can have some twitching and reflexes
EOG - rapidly moving eyes
How does body temperature change over the course of a night’s sleep?
It decreases over the first half of the night and increases over the second half of the night as REM cycles become longer and more frequent
How does REM sleep change over the lifetime?
Periods of REM sleep are high in infancy, increase during growth spurts and pregnancy (but not as frequent as in infancy), and decreases with age.
What happens to our body in NREM sleep?
Body temperature decreases, heart rate and blood pressure decrease, body weight decreases
What is restless leg syndrome?
A disorder in which people experience unpleasant sensations in the legs (and sometimes arms), often accompanied by periodic leg movements
What happens to the body during REM sleep?
Body temperature stops being regulated, atonia but sometimes there are twitches
In what sleep state do vivid dreams occur?
REM sleep
In what sleep state to non-vivid dreams occur that are easily forgotten?
NREM sleep
What is the manifest content of dreams, according to Freud?
The actual dream - what we remember occurring
What is the latent content of dreams, according to Freud?
The true, hidden meaning of the dream
What is the bottom-up approach to interpreting dreams?
Activation-synthesis theory
