(13.2) Reproductive System of the Dog - Female Genital Organs Flashcards
The female genital organs are the following:
– Ovaries
– Uterine tubes/Oviducts
– Uterus
– Vagina
– Vulva (vestibule of the vagina)
Genital accessory organ
Mammary glands
are paired female gonads
Ovaries
What structure lies near the dorsal body wall, caudal to the caudal pole of the associated kidneys, and several centimeters caudal to the last rib?
Ovaries
Its shape is a flat, ovoid structure with cranial and caudal poles; smaller and smoother in non-cycling bitch, slightly larger and markedly more irregular in cycling bitch
Ovaries
This ligament extends between the cranial pole of the ovaries and the dorsal body wall
Suspensory ligament
This ligament extends between the ovary and tip of the uterine horn
Proper ligament of the ovary
surrounds the ovary, formed from mesovarium and mesosalpinx
Ovarian bursa
Ovaries Vasculature
Ovarian arteries
• An extremely fine-bore tubular structure extending from the ovary to the uterine horn
Uterine Tubes (Salpinx or Oviducts or Fallopian tube)
– Originates on the medial surface of the ovary, passes cranially, and then turns around the cranial ovarian pole to course caudally along the lateral ovarian surface to gain the tip of the uterine horn
– Surrounded by mesosalpinx
Uterine Tubes (Salpinx or Oviducts or Fallopian tube)
funnel-shaped portion of the uterine tube that embraces the ovary
Infundibulum
villous projections from the infundibulum; massage the surface of the ovary at ovulation to facilitate the retrieval of oocytes
Fimbriae
site where the uterine tube opens into the uterine horn
Uterine ostium
Uterine Tubes Vasculature
Ovarian and uterine arteries
• A muscular organ of female mammals that houses the fetuses during development and contracts to expel them during parturition
Uterus
It extends through the abdomen in a longitudinal, cranial-caudal orientation; extends from near the ovary to the pelvic inlet
Uterus
mingles with jejunal loops, near the dorsal body wall
Nonparous bitch
gradually sinks ventrally as the pregnancy advances; fully gravid uterus lie directly on the ventral belly wall and displaces the digestive viscera dorsal to it
Pregnant bitch
involutes, lie ventral to dorsal body wall, intermingle with the intestines
After parturition
Uterus resembles a capital?
Y
• Most elongate portion of the uterus
• Site for gestation
• Extend from a point just caudal to the last rib to a point just cranial to the pelvic brim
Uterine horns
• Short in litter bearing species
• Main function is to direct fetuses to the cervix for delivery
• Positioned mainly in the caudal abdominal region; a small part may extend into the cranial pelvic region
Uterine body
• Obliquely positioned, thickened partition at the junction of the uterus and vagina that act as a muscular sphincter
• Holds the uterus closed at all times except during estrus and parturition to preserve the sterile condition of the uterus
• Located within the cranial pelvic region
Uterine cervix
positioned obliquely within the muscular mass of the cervix
Cervical canal
opening between the cervical canal and the vagina
External uterine orifice
opening between the cervical canal and the uterine body
Internal uterine orifice
blind pocket at the cranial end of the vagina formed by the oblique positioning of the cervix at the uterovaginal junction
Vaginal fornix
branch of vaginal artery; supplies the uterine cervix, body and horns
Uterine artery
contributes to the arterial supply of the cranial regions of the uterine horn
Ovarian artery
specialized double fold of peritoneum; links and supports ovaries and uterus and transmits vessels and nerves ( ligament )
Broad ligament
Contains smooth muscle, capable of storing considerable amounts of fat
Composition
extends from the dorsolateral body wall to the ovaries, uterine horns and uterine body
Position
This region supports the ovary
Mesovarium
This region supports the uterine tube
Mesosalpinx
• The largest region; supports the uterine horn and body
Mesometrium
This ligament passes through the inguinal canal to end in the vaginal process
Round ligament of uterus
• A muscular, distensible portion of the tubular female reproductive tract
• Extends from the caudal end of the cervix to the cranial end of the vestibule
• Extends beyond the pelvic cavity both cranially and caudally
Vagina
Folds on the mucosal surface of the vagina,contributes to the distensibility of the vaginal wall
Longitudinal folds
a branch of internal pudendal arteries
Vaginal arteries
• Final common passageway from both the uterus and the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
Vestibule
a ridge along the vestibular floor; marks the point where the vagina and urethra enter a final common passageway
Urethral tubercle
– Located in bilateral lines on each side of the ventral midline
Mammary Gland
Breeds that contains four to six glands
Larger breeds
Breeds that contains four glands on each side
Smaller breeds
– Are modified sweat glands
– Each gland is composed of a separate collection of epithelial glandular tissue, the associated papilla (teat), connective tissue and the skin covering
– The glandular tissue proliferates extensively during pregnancy and lactation; after lactation the mammary,tissue involutes remarkably so that relatively little is left
Mammary Gland
– Within each mammary gland, subdivisions of glandular tissue are separate both anatomically and functionally
– Duct systems within each subdivisions coalesce into progressively larger passageways leading to the teat
– The smallest passages deep within the gland lead to the gland sinus
– Because multiple ducts remain separate from each other, multiple teat orifices are present at the end of each teat
– Results in a sieve-like pattern of pin-hole sized openings visible to the naked eye.
Duct system
(located within the gland)
Gland sinus
(located within the body of the teat)
Teat sinus
(located in the distal end of the teat)
Teat canal
(at the teat surface)
Teat orifice
