131 Week 7 - Intro to Micro:bit Architecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Core goals of the micro:bit

A

Easy to use and encourage learning to code
Effective tool for teaching digital skills and creativity
Inspire diverse range of students Easy for students

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2
Q

Requirements

A

Easy for teachers
No installation, no setup, no internet
Appeal to a range of ages
Support a range of languages
Leverage systems developed by different companies
Resource constrained

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3
Q

Runtime code/software

A

Software platform that provides an environment for executing user code.
Serves as an abstraction layer that developers can use to write code.

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4
Q

Microcontroller

A

A compact integrated circuit equipped with one or more CPUs and memory (flash memory and static RAM).

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5
Q

Embedded system

A

An electronic product that comprises a microcontroller or multiple microcontrollers executing software instructions stored on a memory module to perform an essential function.

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6
Q

USB

A

Stands for universal serial bus.
Used to power micro:bit and stream data to and from the micro:bit.

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7
Q

JST connector

A

power supply (3v battery)

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8
Q

Interface MCU

A

A microcontroller that handles USB connection.
Used for flashing code and Tx/Rx data to and from connected devices.

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9
Q

Target/application MCU

A

A microcontroller that handles user code, runtime code and Bluetooth stack run from flash memory.
It also has custom radio capabilities. Integrated temperature sensor.

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10
Q

What output devices does the micro:bit have?

A

LEDs - power and USB activity indicators (left and right of USB port respectively)
Speaker
5x5 LED matrix

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11
Q

What input devices does the micro:bit have?

A

2 buttons - A and B but can detect A+B input.
Touch sensitive logo
Microphone - micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS)
5x5 LED matrix - senses ambient light
Motion sensor - accelerometer and magnetometer
Edge connector - 20 pins/strips and 5 rings for connection with external components.

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12
Q

Regulator

A

Ensures voltage stays at 3.3V, suitable for powering the micro:bit. Cannot regulate if voltage is too high e.g., mains.

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13
Q

Xtal

A

Electronic crystal oscillator that provides clock signal.

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14
Q

SWD bus

A

Stands for serial wire debug bus.
Unidirectional bus for transferring code from interface MCU to application MCU

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15
Q

UART bus

A

Stands for universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter.
Bidirectional bus that allows the MCUs to communicate.

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16
Q

I²C Bus

A

Stands for Inter-integrated circuit bus.
It allows application MCU to communicate with secondary components.

17
Q

Daplink

A

Firmware on interface MCU that acts as a bride between the computer and SWD.
It presents the micro:bit as a USB disk, allowing drag-and-drop programming.

18
Q

Daplink interface mode

A

The hex file dropped onto the ‘USB disk’ is written into the target MCU flash.
USB disk name will be MICROBIT

19
Q

Daplink bootloader mode

A

The hex file dropped onto the ‘USB disk’ is written into the interface MCU flash and updates the version of DAPLink.
USB disk name will be MAINTENANCE.

20
Q

nRF5 software development kit (SDK)

A

Rich development environment for nRF51/nRF52 series MCUs.
Provides hardware abstraction and includes drivers, libraries, examples of peripherals and radio protocols.

21
Q

Component Oriented Device Abstraction Layer (CODAL)

A

Micro:bit runtime software written in C/C++.
Abstracts hardware components as software components represented by C++ classes.
Offers eventing subsystem for mapping asynchronous events to event handlers.
Can write in other languages but everything will eventually be converted to CODAL.