13.1 Drugs Affecting Gut Motility Flashcards
What are some examples of anti spasmodic drugs?
Hyoscine
Mebemerine
When are anti spasmodics used?
IBS
Diverticulitis
Colic
How do antispasmodics work?
Muscarinic antagonists
What are some antispasmodic ADRs?
Dry mouth
Eye pain
Arrythmia
Blurred vision
What is an example of an anti motility drug?
Loperamide (imodium)
What is an indication for anti motility drug use?
Diarrhoea
What is the mechanism of action for anti motility drugs?
Mu opioid receptors in the large colon increase transit time
What are some ADRs of anti motility drugs?
Constipation
Nausea
Toxic megacolon
Paralytic ileus with repeated use
What are some examples of laxative classes?
Bulk Softeners Osmotic Stimulant Non pharmacological
What are some examples of bulk laxatives?
Ispagula husk
When else could you use a bulking agent?
Some cases of mild diarrhoea
When would you not use a bulking laxative?
Adhesions
How do bulking laxatives work?
Basically fibre
What are some ADRs of bulking agents?
Abdominal cramps
Choking if not taken with water
What is an example of a softening laxative?
Glycerol - lubricates and softens stool
What are some examples of osmotic agents?
Lactulose
Macrogols
Phosphate enemas
How quickly do osmotic agents work?
Very quick
Whats an example of a stimulant laxative and how does it work?
Senna
Excites sensory nerve endings - water and peristalsis induced
What are some ADRs of senna?
Hypokalaemia
COlonic atony
What is senna usually used for?
Endoscopy prep
What are some examples of antinausea drugs?
Cyclizine Metoclopramide Domperidone Odansetron Hyoscine
How does cyclizine work?
H1 (histamine) receptor antagonist
What are some ADRs of cyclizine?
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Visual problems
Constipation
How does metoclopramide work?
Dopamine antagonist at the area prostrema
