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Pharmacology > 05.1 Antibiotics > Flashcards

05.1 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of penicillins?

A

Penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, co-amoxiclav

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penecillins?

A

Beta lactam

Inhibits the formation of cross links in peptidoglycan walls

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3
Q

What are some ADRs of penecillin?

A

Hypersensitivity
Rash
Neurotoxic
Urticaria

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4
Q

What antibiotic are penecillins antagonised by?

A

Tetracyclines

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5
Q

What are some examples of cephalosporins?

A

Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefador, aztreonam

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

A

Beta lactam

Inhibits the formation of cross links in peptidoglycan walls

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7
Q

What are some ADRs of cephalosporins?

A

Hypersensitivity
GI upsets
People who are allergic to penecillin are likely allergic to cephalosporins

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8
Q

What are some examples of tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of actions of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translation

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10
Q

What are some ADRs of tetracyclines

A

Headache, Raised ICP, anaphylaxis, GI upset

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11
Q

What can decrease the absorption of tetracyclines?

A

Milk
Antacids
Calcium salts
Iron salts

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12
Q

What are some examples of aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamycin, neomycin

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome

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14
Q

What are some ADRs of aminoglycosides?

A 
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxic
Hypocalcaemia
Hypokalaemia
(ADRs seen especially with loop diuretics/vancomycin)
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15
Q

What are some examples of macrolides?

A

Erithryomycin, Clarithromycin

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis, stops translation

17
Q

What are some ADRs of macrolides?

A

QT elongation
Myasthenia gravis
GI upsets

18
Q

How do macrolides interact with P450?

A

Inhibit CYPS

19
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

20
Q

When would vancomycin be given orally and why isn’t it usually?

A

C Dif

Poorly absorbed by the gut

21
Q

What are some ADRs of vancomycin?

A

Neutropaenia, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

22
Q

What are the drugs given to treat TB?

A

Rifampicin
Isoniasid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

23
Q

What are some ADRs of rifampicin?

A

Hepatotoxic

Orange secretions

24
Q

What ar esome ADRs of isoniasid?

A

Hepatitis
Thrombocytopaenia
Peripheral Neuropathy

25
Q

What are some ADRs pyrazinamide?

A

Arthralgia
Gout
Hepatotoxic

26
Q

What are some ADRs of ethambutol?

A

Hepatotoxic
Optic neuritis
Red green colour blindness
Nystagmus

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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