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Pharmacology > 10.2 Chemotherapy > Flashcards

10.2 Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells does a tumour have to have to:

a) be clinically detectable?
b) kill you?

A

a) 10^9

b) 10^12

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2
Q

What is the fractionated kill hypothesis?

A

Split the dose into multiple fractions

Stagger dose administration to give bone marrow time to regenerate but not the tumour cells

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3
Q

What is an example of an anthracycline antibiotic?

A

Doxorubicin

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anthraycline antibiotics?

A

Intercalated between DNA bases to stop transciption/synthesis
Inhibits topoisomerase 2 (stops tangle fixing)
Produces free radicals

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5
Q

What are some ADRs of anthracycline antibiotics?

A 
Bone marrow suppression
Nausea + vomiting
Mucositis
Diarrhoea
Cardiomyopathy (+ failure)
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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bleomycin?

A

Two theories:
1 - Produces radicals
2 - Binds to DNA
Both theories have the same result - DNA scission (strand break)

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7
Q

What are some ADRs of bleomycin?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Hair loss
Hyperpigmentation
Raynaud’s

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8
Q

How do alkylating agents/platins work?

A

Form intrastrand and interstrand links between DNA bases

This inteferes with DNA replication

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9
Q

What are some examples of anti metabolites?

A

6- merceptopurine

5- fluororuacil (5FU)

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10
Q

How does 6- merceptopurine work?

A

Purine inhibitor

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11
Q

How does 5FU work?

A

Pyrimidine inhibtor

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12
Q

How does methotrexate work?

A

Inhibits folate pathway by DHFR enzyme and hence nucleotide formation

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13
Q

What are the classes of microtubule inhibitors and how do they work?

A

Vinca alkaloids - inhibits microtubule formation

Taxanes - inhibits microtubule breakdown

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14
Q

Why are chemotherapy drugs not given orally?

A

Too toxic for the GI system

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15
Q

What routes of administration are available for chemo?

A

IV
Intralesional
Intrathecal

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16
Q

What is primary resistance?

A

Where resistance is present and selected for

17
Q

What is acquired resistance?

A

Upregulated responses in response to chemo

18
Q

Why can hyperuricaemia occur during chemo?

A

Tumour lysis

This leads to gout and renal failure

19
Q

What are some general ADRs of alkylating agents?

A

Neuropathy

Ototoxicity

20
Q

What are some general ADRs of microtubule inhibitors?

A

Neurotoxicity

Peripheral neuropathy

21
Q

What are A, B and C compartments of cells in chemotherapy?

A

A - Dividing cells - have an adequate blood supply
B - Resting cells - centre of the tumour, can rejoin A in response to environment change
C - Unable to divide

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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