13 - sys bac: lepto and brucellosis

Question 1

(leptospirosis)

1. spirochetes that colonize what?
2. caused by bunch of serovars: icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona, bratislava, grippotyphosa, autumnalis
3. lots of wild animals can serve as source of infection

Answer 1

1. renal tubules

Question 2

(lepto)

1. how does infection occur?

Answer 2

1. penetration of skin with environmental organisms, especially in contaminated water

Question 3

(lepto)

1. bacteremia occurs about 4 to 12 days after infection
2. what are the most common target organs?

Answer 3

2. liver and kidney

Question 4

(lepto)

1. clinical signs are acute in nature - mostly due to what?

Answer 4

1. acute renal failure or acute hepatic failure

Question 5

(lepto)

(dx)

1. azotemia and increased serum conc of liver enzymes are common. thrombocytopenia can be severe
2. on ultrasound kidneys show increased echo on 75% of cases and have medullary rim sign

Question 6

(lepto)

(dx)

(serology)

1. microscopic agglutination titer can indicate current or past infection, or leptospiral vx

what results would indicate a current infection?

Answer 6

1. high single titer of a four fold increase

Question 7

(lepto)

(dx)

1. leptospira organisms can be deteched by what kind of microscopy on fresh urine?

Answer 7

1. dark field

Question 8

(lepto)

(tx)

1. what abx are used?
2. tx is usually effective, but what is a common outcome?

Answer 8

1. penicillin/amoxicillin initially, doxycycline to clear renal carrier state
2. chronic renal failure

Question 9

(lepto)

there is a vx but it only protects from some of the serovars

Question 10

(brucellosis)

1. caused by what?

Answer 10

1. brucella canis (g- coccobacillus)

Question 11

(brucellosis)

1. how is it transmitted?

Answer 11

1. semen, vaginal discharge, urine, aborted fetal tissue

Question 12

(brucellosis)

1. most dogs have no clinical signs
2. males typically have testicular atorphy, epididymitis, and sterility
3. what happens in females?

Answer 12

3. failure to conceive, or they abort dead fetuses late in gestation

Question 13

(brucellosis)

(dx)

1. what is used for screening?
2. what for confirmation of pos result from previous?

Answer 13

1. rapid slide agglutination test (false positives are common)
2. agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)

Question 14

(brucellosis)

(tx)

1. difficult to treat cause intracellular
2. spay or neuter recommended

Question 15

(brucellosis)

1. all breeding animals should be screened, remove any positives

Question 16

(brucellosis)

humans can get but it is rare