1.3 Ions and the Octet Rule Flashcards
Atoms are electrically ______ particles
neutral
Ions are charged particles that occur when an atom ________ one or more electrons
GAINS or LOSES
when an atom GAINS electrons it becomes
_________ charged
NEGATIVELY
when an atom LOSES electrons it becomes ________ charged
POSITIVELY
Why do Ions form?
Atoms gain or lose electrons to form a stable octet.
Stable Octet
This refers to the outer electron shell being filled to its capacity.
Every atom wants a full outer (valence) shell so they can be _____
stable
The electrons in the outer shell are called
valence electrons.
There are three ways to achieve a full octet:
losing, sharing or gaining electrons.
A full or stable octet is an electron
arrangement where the valence shell is filled
with …
8 valence electrons
Positive Ions (cation):
A positively charged ion formed by the removal of one or more electrons from the valence shell of a neutral atom.
When a cation is formed, and at least one
electron is removed ___________
energy is required
Negative Ions (anion):
A negatively charged ion formed by the addition of one or more electrons to a neutral atom.
When an anion is formed, at least one
electron is gained and ____________
energy is produced
(+) charged ions (cations) name
Same name as element
(-) charged ions (anions) name
add –ide to the end of the element’s name
Name the following ions:
Ca2+
calcium
Name the following ions:
N3-
nitride
Multivalent
The property of having more than
one possible valence (charge)
IUPAC names use ___________ to indicate the
charge of the cation
roman numerals
___________ used the ending –ic to indicate the higher valence and –ous to indicate the lower valence.
classical system
Polyatomic Ion
An ion that consists of a stable group of several atoms acting together as a single particle with an overall charge (positive or negative)
NO3–
nitrate
OH–
hydroxide
