1.3 Ions and the Octet Rule Flashcards
Atoms are electrically ______ particles
neutral
Ions are charged particles that occur when an atom ________ one or more electrons
GAINS or LOSES
when an atom GAINS electrons it becomes
_________ charged
NEGATIVELY
when an atom LOSES electrons it becomes ________ charged
POSITIVELY
Why do Ions form?
Atoms gain or lose electrons to form a stable octet.
Stable Octet
This refers to the outer electron shell being filled to its capacity.
Every atom wants a full outer (valence) shell so they can be _____
stable
The electrons in the outer shell are called
valence electrons.
There are three ways to achieve a full octet:
losing, sharing or gaining electrons.
A full or stable octet is an electron
arrangement where the valence shell is filled
with …
8 valence electrons
Positive Ions (cation):
A positively charged ion formed by the removal of one or more electrons from the valence shell of a neutral atom.
When a cation is formed, and at least one
electron is removed ___________
energy is required
Negative Ions (anion):
A negatively charged ion formed by the addition of one or more electrons to a neutral atom.
When an anion is formed, at least one
electron is gained and ____________
energy is produced
(+) charged ions (cations) name
Same name as element
(-) charged ions (anions) name
add –ide to the end of the element’s name
Name the following ions:
Ca2+
calcium
Name the following ions:
N3-
nitride
Multivalent
The property of having more than
one possible valence (charge)
IUPAC names use ___________ to indicate the
charge of the cation
roman numerals
___________ used the ending –ic to indicate the higher valence and –ous to indicate the lower valence.
classical system
Polyatomic Ion
An ion that consists of a stable group of several atoms acting together as a single particle with an overall charge (positive or negative)
NO3–
nitrate
OH–
hydroxide
HCO3–
Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate
ClO3–
chlorate
CO3^2–
carbonate
SO4^2–
sulfate
PO4^3–
phosphate
Cu(NO3)2
copper(II) nitrate.
Role of salt
Important for body fluid control
which foods can you find salt
Salt, cheese,
preservatives
role of potassium
Important for body
fluid control and cell
functions
which foods can you find potassium
Bananas, milk,
potatoes
role of calcium
A key component of
bone and teeth
which foods can you find calcium
Milk, cheese, spinach
role of iron
Important in muscle
function; essential part of
hemoglobin in blood
which foods can you find iron
Kidney beans,
asparagus, pine nuts
Role of magnesium
Crucial for muscle
and nerve tissue
which foods can you find magnesium
Green plants, nuts,
grains
Role of chlorine
Important for body
fluid control
which foods can you find chlorine in
salt
Role of iodine
Regulates body’s
metabolic rate
which foods can you find iodine in
Fish, dairy, iodized
salt
