1.3 Ions and the Octet Rule

Question 1

Atoms are electrically ______ particles

Answer 1

neutral

Question 2

Ions are charged particles that occur when an atom ________ one or more electrons

Answer 2

GAINS or LOSES

Question 3

when an atom GAINS electrons it becomes
_________ charged

Answer 3

NEGATIVELY

Question 4

when an atom LOSES electrons it becomes ________ charged

Answer 4

POSITIVELY

Question 5

Why do Ions form?

Answer 5

Atoms gain or lose electrons to form a stable octet.

Question 6

Stable Octet

Answer 6

This refers to the outer electron shell being filled to its capacity.

Question 7

Every atom wants a full outer (valence) shell so they can be _____

Answer 7

stable

Question 8

The electrons in the outer shell are called

Answer 8

valence electrons.

Question 9

There are three ways to achieve a full octet:

Answer 9

losing, sharing or gaining electrons.

Question 10

A full or stable octet is an electron
arrangement where the valence shell is filled
with …

Answer 10

8 valence electrons

Question 11

Positive Ions (cation):

Answer 11

A positively charged ion formed by the removal of one or more electrons from the valence shell of a neutral atom.

Question 12

When a cation is formed, and at least one
electron is removed ___________

Answer 12

energy is required

Question 13

Negative Ions (anion):

Answer 13

A negatively charged ion formed by the addition of one or more electrons to a neutral atom.

Question 14

When an anion is formed, at least one
electron is gained and ____________

Answer 14

energy is produced

Question 15

(+) charged ions (cations) name

Answer 15

Same name as element

Question 16

(-) charged ions (anions) name

Answer 16

add –ide to the end of the element’s name

Question 17

Name the following ions:

Ca2+

Answer 17

calcium

Question 18

Name the following ions:

N3-

Answer 18

nitride

Question 19

Multivalent

Answer 19

The property of having more than
one possible valence (charge)

Question 20

IUPAC names use ___________ to indicate the
charge of the cation

Answer 20

roman numerals

Question 21

___________ used the ending –ic to indicate the higher valence and –ous to indicate the lower valence.

Answer 21

classical system

Question 22

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 22

An ion that consists of a stable group of several atoms acting together as a single particle with an overall charge (positive or negative)

Question 23

NO3–

Answer 23

nitrate

Question 24

OH–

Answer 24

hydroxide

Question 25

HCO3–

Answer 25

Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate

Question 26

ClO3–

Answer 26

chlorate

Question 27

CO3^2–

Answer 27

carbonate

Question 28

SO4^2–

Answer 28

sulfate

Question 29

PO4^3–

Answer 29

phosphate

Question 30

Cu(NO3)2

Answer 30

copper(II) nitrate.

Question 31

Role of salt

Answer 31

Important for body fluid control

Question 32

which foods can you find salt

Answer 32

Salt, cheese,
preservatives

Question 33

role of potassium

Answer 33

Important for body
fluid control and cell
functions

Question 34

which foods can you find potassium

Answer 34

Bananas, milk,
potatoes

Question 35

role of calcium

Answer 35

A key component of
bone and teeth

Question 36

which foods can you find calcium

Answer 36

Milk, cheese, spinach

Question 37

role of iron

Answer 37

Important in muscle
function; essential part of
hemoglobin in blood

Question 38

which foods can you find iron

Answer 38

Kidney beans,
asparagus, pine nuts

Question 39

Role of magnesium

Answer 39

Crucial for muscle
and nerve tissue

Question 40

which foods can you find magnesium

Answer 40

Green plants, nuts,
grains

Question 41

Role of chlorine

Answer 41

Important for body
fluid control

Question 42

which foods can you find chlorine in

Answer 42

salt

Question 43

Role of iodine

Answer 43

Regulates body’s
metabolic rate

Question 44

which foods can you find iodine in

Answer 44

Fish, dairy, iodized
salt