1.3 Ions and the Octet Rule Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms are electrically ______ particles

A

neutral

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2
Q

Ions are charged particles that occur when an atom ________ one or more electrons

A

GAINS or LOSES

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3
Q

when an atom GAINS electrons it becomes
_________ charged

A

NEGATIVELY

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4
Q

when an atom LOSES electrons it becomes ________ charged

A

POSITIVELY

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5
Q

Why do Ions form?

A

Atoms gain or lose electrons to form a stable octet.

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6
Q

Stable Octet

A

This refers to the outer electron shell being filled to its capacity.

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7
Q

Every atom wants a full outer (valence) shell so they can be _____

A

stable

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8
Q

The electrons in the outer shell are called

A

valence electrons.

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9
Q

There are three ways to achieve a full octet:

A

losing, sharing or gaining electrons.

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10
Q

A full or stable octet is an electron
arrangement where the valence shell is filled
with …

A

8 valence electrons

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11
Q

Positive Ions (cation):

A

A positively charged ion formed by the removal of one or more electrons from the valence shell of a neutral atom.

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12
Q

When a cation is formed, and at least one
electron is removed ___________

A

energy is required

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13
Q

Negative Ions (anion):

A

A negatively charged ion formed by the addition of one or more electrons to a neutral atom.

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14
Q

When an anion is formed, at least one
electron is gained and ____________

A

energy is produced

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15
Q

(+) charged ions (cations) name

A

Same name as element

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16
Q

(-) charged ions (anions) name

A

add –ide to the end of the element’s name

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17
Q

Name the following ions:

Ca2+

A

calcium

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18
Q

Name the following ions:

N3-

19
Q

Multivalent

A

The property of having more than
one possible valence (charge)

20
Q

IUPAC names use ___________ to indicate the
charge of the cation

A

roman numerals

21
Q

___________ used the ending –ic to indicate the higher valence and –ous to indicate the lower valence.

A

classical system

22
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A

An ion that consists of a stable group of several atoms acting together as a single particle with an overall charge (positive or negative)

23
Q

NO3–

24
Q

OH–

25
HCO3–
Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate
26
ClO3–
chlorate
27
CO3^2–
carbonate
28
SO4^2–
sulfate
29
PO4^3–
phosphate
30
Cu(NO3)2
copper(II) nitrate.
31
Role of salt
Important for body fluid control
32
which foods can you find salt
Salt, cheese, preservatives
33
role of potassium
Important for body fluid control and cell functions
34
which foods can you find potassium
Bananas, milk, potatoes
35
role of calcium
A key component of bone and teeth
36
which foods can you find calcium
Milk, cheese, spinach
37
role of iron
Important in muscle function; essential part of hemoglobin in blood
38
which foods can you find iron
Kidney beans, asparagus, pine nuts
39
Role of magnesium
Crucial for muscle and nerve tissue
40
which foods can you find magnesium
Green plants, nuts, grains
41
Role of chlorine
Important for body fluid control
42
which foods can you find chlorine in
salt
43
Role of iodine
Regulates body’s metabolic rate
44
which foods can you find iodine in
Fish, dairy, iodized salt