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RICS Questions > 13. CTES > Flashcards

13. CTES Flashcards

1
Q

What does RIBA stand for?

A

Royal Institute of British Architects

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2
Q

How many stages of the RIBA plan of work are there?

A

8 (0-7)

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3
Q

What are the stages of the RIBA plan of work?

A
  • 0 – Strategic Definition (Client’s brief / project requirements)
  • 1 – Prep & Brief (Development of brief, budget)
  • 2 – Design Concept
  • 3 – Design Development
  • 4 – Technical Design
  • 5 – Construction (Involves offsite manufacturing and onsite construction in line with the construction programme)
  • 6 – Handover & close-out
  • 7 – In use (New stage. Includes post-occupancy evaluations)

0&1 - Brief
2&3&4 - Design
5&6 - Construction
7 - Use/Maintenance

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4
Q

What are the 3 design stages of RIBA?

A
  • 2 – Design Concept
  • 3 – Design Development
  • 4 – Technical Design
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5
Q

What do you know about foundations?

A

Strip foundations are used to provide a continuous, level (or sometimes stepped) strip of support for linear structures such as walls that are built on top of the foundation.

Pad foundations are shallow rectangular or square foundations that spreads the load from the structure to the ground.

Pile foundations are deep foundations used on large projects. Bored (augerbored) to form a contiguous piling wall is used on SCSJV.

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6
Q

What is your understanding of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC)? Give us examples.

A

MMC is about using off-site construction to improve efficiencies. Efficiencies in time, cost and quality.

Example: Modular construction, which is designing and building high-quality pre-built homes at a faster rate.

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7
Q

What do you know about the UK Building Regulations.

A

The UK Building Regulations are standards to provide clarity and consistency in the construction industry, and are set out in the Building Act 1984. I appreciate that there is also now the Building Safety Act 2022 which has come into play to improve safety, particularly cladding and widening the duties of landlords, after the Grenfell Tower tragedy.

The UK Building Regulations cover a range of issues, e.g. fire safety (B), sustainability (L), accessibility (M).

Builders must submit plans to the local authority for approval. Local authority reviews to ensure work is being carried out in line with the building regulations.

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8
Q

What is Part B of the UK Building Regulations.

A

Fire Safety. Covers fire precautions e.g. fire alarms, escape.

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9
Q

What is Part L of the UK Building Regulations.

A

Conservation of Fuel & Power. Covers the energy efficiency of buildings and therefore sustainability. e.g. insulation.

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10
Q

What is Part M of the UK Building Regulations.

A

Access to and use of Buildings. e.g. ramps, handrails (relates to reasonable adjustments under the Equality Act 2010).

Part 1 - Dwellings
Part 2 - Buildings other than dwellings

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11
Q

What health and safety regulations are specified under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?

A

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the primary legislation.

Then you have regulations like:
- CDM Regulations 2015
- Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
- PPE regulations 2018
- Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992

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12
Q

What do you know about foam concrete?

A

Lightweight and low density compared to standard concrete.

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13
Q

What is concrete made of? What is the difference between concrete and foam concrete?

A

Water, aggregate (rock, sand, or gravel) and cement.

Aggregate not used. foam is used instead.

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14
Q

What is the methodology for open-cut trench work?

A

This is a traditional method that opens up the surface of the ground to the required depth, which creates a trench/excavation.

Once the work is complete, the dugout area is backfilled and the surface is reinstated back to the original condition as much as possible.

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15
Q

What is the methodology for timber heading trench work?

A

This is a traditional method that uses timber to support a tunnel and the ground above. It is usually hand dug. This differs from an open cut.

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16
Q

What is the methodology for auger boring trench work?

A

Auger boring is trenchless. No need for a trench. There is usually a launch pit and a reception pit. A pipe is jacked into the earth’s surface while rotating augers simultaneously remove the excavated spoil. This method installed a pipe on my L3 example.

17
Q

WP26.1 B - How did you go about developing/comparing the cost and programme implications of the trunk main solutions?

A

We had an estimated price and programme from the Subcontractor which stated something like £11m and 2 years.

Tell the story… Further GMAs carried out by our in-house team showed less movement in the ground and therefore the utilities pipes in that ground would not have to be replaced, they could just be monitored. This meant not having to excavate the whole road and length of the utilities, so much less disruption.

I was tasked with putting together a new estimated price and programme. I took the original and deducted items that would not be necessary. E.g. the Materials for the new pipe, extensive TM. If something now doesn’t have to be done, it will take less time so the programme reduces. If the programme reduces, your costs for Plant on site, Labour on site, and even the Staff Management prelims & overheads are much less.

So yeah it was taking the price and programme and factoring in the changes.

18
Q

Talk through a value engineering you’ve carried out during a construction project.

A

On one of their quotations for a compensation event, I saw primary type 1 concrete. I knew this was an expensive rate (£60 per m3). I requested they use recycled type 1 concrete to backfill instead (half the rate), as long as it met specifications. It did. They used it.

Another example was the vac ex options mentioned in my case study.

Another is the foam concrete explored, but never actually eventualised because the local Council were not happy with the spec.

19
Q

Tell us about how I have advised different design / construction solutions and their affect on cost and programme / how they gave price and programme efficiencies.

A

Case study vac ex options. Cost and programme implications calculated by benchmarking.

Advised the Subcontractor to look into the potential use of foam concrete.

20
Q

You identified that ‘hand digging’ was less safe than alternatives. What is H&S risks are there? How would you manage these risks?

A

Electric cable - electrocution.

Alternative method e.g. Vac Ex. If hand digging required, additional appropriate PPE. E.g. electricity insulated PPE, like gloves.

21
Q

What advantages and disadvantages did you consider for the foam concrete?

A

Adv

Lightweight and low density, so broken out easier in the future, creating quicker programme and lower cost in the future. Also, H&S better as near utilities.

Disadv

I believe the material itself is slightly more expensive. Also needs the local authority’s approval to place into the road. They rejected the proposal saying it did not meet spec.

22
Q

What is the purpose of the RIBA Plan of Work stages?

A

The RIBA Plan of Work outlines all stages in the planning, design and building process, from conception to completion on site.

It provides the client & project team a consistent and structured approach to design & delivery.

23
Q

What are temporary works?

A

Works required to enable the permanent works to be built.

24
Q

What is a building envelope?

A

The physical barrier separating the interior of the building from the exterior environment. It includes the roof, walls, foundations, windows, and doors. It acts as structural support for the building and controls climate elements such as air, water, heat, and light exchange with the exterior environment.

25
Q

What is a substructure?

A

any part of building BELOW ground

e.g. foundations, basements, underground drainage.

26
Q

What is a superstructure?

A

any part of building ABOVE ground

e.g. walls, roof, doors

27
Q

What are external works?

A

Includes roads, car parks, paths, paving, kerbs, edging, retaining walls, fencing.

NRM Vol 3 states that external works include:

8.2 Roads, paths and paving
8.3 Planting (i.e. grounds maintenance)
8.4 Fencing, railings and walls
8.5 External fittings
8.6 External drainage
8.7 External service

28
Q

What kind of frames can you have? Why is it needed?

A

NRM Vol3 states different kinds of frames. Examples included steel, concrete & timber.

They give the building structure support and shape.

29
Q

What stage of the RIBA Plan of works did you issue tender for WP26.1B?

A

RIBA Stage 3

Can differ, but traditionally it is done at the end of Stage 4, so that supply chain have enough detail to price their works correctly.

30
Q

What buildings are affected under the Building Safety Act 2022?

A

Only buildings which have 5 or more storeys OR are 11 metres or above qualify for protection under the Act.

RICS Questions (22 decks)

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