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Pharm > 12- Local Anestetic > Flashcards

12- Local Anestetic Flashcards

1
Q

What are local anesthetics

A

Reversible loss of sensation in a region in the body without loss of consciousness

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2
Q

How to local anesthetics to work

A

Reversibly disrupt the propagation of nerve impulses

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3
Q

Advantages of local anesthetics

A

Breathing unaffected

Full cv function

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4
Q

How do local anesthetics work

A

Competitive blockade of sodium gated channel

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5
Q

Two types of linkages

A

Amine

Ester

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6
Q

Amide link

A

Can be interfered by hepatic cyp enzymes

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7
Q

Ester type agents are degraded by

A

Esterase enzymes (AChE inhibitors)

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8
Q

All agents are acids or bases

A

Bases

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9
Q

What form do all agents exist in

A

Protonated and deprotonated

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10
Q

Advantages of neutral form of drug

A

Improved potency and onset

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11
Q

Does pH have an effect on how anesthetics act

A

Yes

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12
Q

Where do anesthetics block

A

Vintage gated Na channels

Bind within channel pore

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13
Q

Determinate’s of anesthetisia action

A

Placement of drug
Tissue environment
Electrolytes

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14
Q

What does K and Na affect

A

Resting membrane potential

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15
Q

What does Ca affect

A

Membrane potential

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16
Q

Considerations for local anesthetics

A

Lipid solubility

Protein binding

17
Q

Considerations for local anesthetics

A 
Potency
Onset time
Duration of action
CNS toxicity
Cvs toxicity
18
Q

Ester type drugs

A

Procaine
Tetracaine
Proparacaine

19
Q

Amide type

A

Lidocaine
Bupivaccaime
Mepivacaime
Benzocaine

20
Q

Lidocaine

A 
Very stable
Hepaticly metabolized
Active metabolites 
Many routes of admin 
Cats handle differently
21
Q

Adverse lidocaine

A

CNS signs at low conc
Cvs effects at high conc
Goats are more prone to CNS signs

22
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Longer lasting
Amide type
Nerve block
More cardio toxic

23
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Use in horses

Amide type

Pharm (15 decks)

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