1.2 - Cracking Kashmir Flashcards
Pressure and Release Model (Nutcracker Analogy)
Risk is nut potentially cracking
Hazard is pressure from nutcracker
Disaster is nut cracking
Vulnerability + hazard event are pressure from arms of nutcracker
Capacity to cope is resilience from hard outer shell of nut
Location
Very remote, poor, mountainous - landslides + falling rock blocked roads
Unseasonal rain + harsh Himalayas - saturated soil
Time and season
Saturday morning - children at school/ people sleeping since Ramadan
Winter - more treacherous conditions
Governance
Lack of maps + bureaucracy meant slow govt mishandled aid
Direct impacts
90% livestock killed
3.5 million displaced
100000 dead
138000 injured
Unsafe conditions
Poor building practices - built on steep land + no code enforcement
Little aseismic knowledge
Loss of traditional skills (Dhajji Dewari) - Karakoram Highway Borough modernisation and concrete construction
Dynamic pressures
Illegal + corrupt deforestation - growing population needed more fuel
High agricultural dependency - highway too modernised for them
National/global causes
Pakistani govt encouraged local workers to emigrate - attracts foreign
Poor relations with Indian govt - less aid (helicopters)
Economic focus not on aseismic - areas have mr funding than others
Relief
Pakistani govt provided relief
Into relief agencies - US$5.4 billion
Aid
UK Donors Conference + Pakistani Britons
Ramadan do gooders brought car supplies (volunteers)
UN
2.4m blankets
1.2m quilts
170000 plastic sheets
200000 tarpaulins