1.11 - Containing Catania

Question 1

Hazard management cycle

Answer 1

Mitigation - actions community takes to reduce vulnerability (capacity building)
Preparation - actions before impact (risk assessment)
Response - emergency actions after event (evacuation, saving people, assistance)
Recovery - restoration and reconstruction (infrastructure, relocation, resettlement)

Question 2

Response examples
Players
What they provide

Answer 2

Kashmir, Pakistan (2005) - lots of aid from wealthy countries (UK)
Haiti (2010) - $4.5bn aid pledged
Indian Ocean tsunami (2004) - $10bn collective aid pledged
Nepal (2015) - $415mil aid, 22 countries sent urban search and rescue teams
Players: NGOs, disaster aid - Red Cross, EU, UN
Provide relief essentials: food, water, shelter, medical care, search and rescue

Question 3

Preparation examples
Players
What they provide

Answer 3

Mt Etna, Italy (1983) - used lava diversion barriers
Heimay, Iceland (1973) - sprayed seawater to cool and solidify lava
Mt Pinatubo, Philippines (2001) - drain cater lakes for less lahars
Ofunato Bay, Japan - offshoot barriers (higher and stronger sea walls)
Gle Jong, Indonesia - mangrove forests (70000 trees planted in 2004)
Players: engineers, scientists
Provide: tech to monitor and predict volcanoes, tsunamis

Question 4

Mitigation examples
Players
What they provide

Answer 4

Land use zoning - event risk mapping to move residential/commercial areas to low risk
Japan - investment in health care and education (know what to do)
San Francisco, 2011 - evacuation plan + improved communication routes
Indonesia, 2008 - high speed tsunami warning system
Players: researchers, engineers, scientists
Provide: lots of research to develop tech

Question 5

Recovery examples
Players
What they provide

Answer 5

Aseismic building - counterweight near top (Taipei 101]) / base isolators (NZ old parliament)
Kashmir, Pakistan (2005) - lightweight material more flexible
Haiti, 2010 - sheet metal roofs (more flexible) + small windows (less weak points)
Peru, 1970 - grid of bamboo rods to reinforce walls
Indonesia, 2004 - crown beams + corner columns make brick walls (roofs don’t collapse), tyres with gravel are cheap base isolators
Players: engineers, authority, volunteers
Provide: new buildings built to codes + standards