1.12 - Shaken And Stirred

Question 1

Primary
Wavelength/speed/substance travel
Motion - Ground movement

Answer 1

P-waves
Short wavelength - travels through solids and liquids
Push and pull in direction of travel - compression/extensions (longitudinal)
Vertical motion - ground moves back and forth

Question 2

Secondary
Wavelength/speed/substance travel
Motion - Ground movement

Answer 2

S-waves
Longer wavelength - slower travel only through solids
Movement at right angles to travel (transverse)
Vertical motion - ground moves up and down

Question 3

Love waves
Wavelength/speed/substance travel
Motion - Ground movement

Answer 3

L-waves
Slowest but most destructive - largest amplitude
Horizontal motion - only at surface
Makes ground undulate laterally (side to side)

Question 4

Liquefaction

Answer 4

Shaking destabilises soil
More space between the grains
Structure shakes and tilts - sinks into soil

Question 5

Himalayas

Answer 5

Fold mountains
Indian continental plate subduction under Eurasian continental plate
Isostatic equilibrium - as land gets taller, it sinks more to balance
Old ocean crust (Tethys sea) subducts into mantle, ahead of Indian plate