1.7 - Losing Out

Question 1

Heimay (1973)

Answer 1

Lava approaching significant Iceland port

Sprayed seawater on lava - outside solidified so slowed

Question 2

Composite volcanoes

Answer 2

Steep slope - narrow + tall
Alternating layers of lava + ash
Vent - explosive + lava had high pressure gas

Question 3

Shield volcanoes

Answer 3

Gentle slope - wide + tall
Layers of solidified lava
Vent - frequent and gentle eruptions - thin, runny lava

Question 4

Fissure volcano

Answer 4

Gentle slopes of basaltic lava
Magma has high temp but low gas
Linear vent - few meters wide / km long

Question 5

Kilauea, Hawaii (2018)

Answer 5

6.9 Mw EQ
24 fissures
$800 mil damage
2000 evacuated

Question 6

Land use zoning

Answer 6

Can plan where to build residential/commercial zones - away from volcano
Easier with shield volcano
Plan back up utility plans - hospitals, police stations

Question 7

Remote sensing

Answer 7

Monitors gas emissions, clouds, faultline strain

Tiltmeters measur ground deformation

Question 8

Hazard resistance

Answer 8

Retrofit buildings + cross bracing

Expensive + needs govt legislation

Question 9

Divert lava flows

Answer 9

Spray seawater to solidify