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M11 > 11.9 Flight Controls > Flashcards

11.9 Flight Controls Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary flight controls

A
  • aileron
  • elevator
  • rudder
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2
Q

What controls the ailerons and the elevators?

A

Control stick/ yoke/ wheel/ joystick

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3
Q

What controls the rudder?

A

Foot pedals/ rudder pedals

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4
Q

When are the inboard and outboard ailerons used?

A

Low speed flight

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5
Q

What ailerons do you use in high speed flight?

A

Inboard only

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6
Q

How do you solve the problem of negative turning moment?

A

Differential aileron deflection

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7
Q

What do elevators do?

A

Longitudinal control for pitch, climb and dive

Controlled around the lateral axis

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8
Q

What does pushing the yoke forwards do?

A

Lowers the nose, elevators down

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9
Q

What are the trim systems used for?

A

Added to flight control members to assist crew in controlling the aircraft and compensates for imbalances

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10
Q

What are the 4 trim controls?

A

Balance tab
Trim tab
Servo tab
Spring tab

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11
Q

What do trim tabs do?

A

Small aerobics in trailing edge of primary control surfaces

Enables pilot to trim out any unbalances without exerting pressure in primary flight controls

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12
Q

What is the purpose of servo tabs?

A

Aid in moving control surface and holding it in a desired position

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13
Q

What do the balance tab do?

A

Moves in opposite direction of primary flight controls

(Forces acting on tab assist in moving primary flight controls)

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14
Q

What purpose do spring tabs have?

A

Same purpose as hydraulic acustors
Aid the pilot in moving the primary flight control surfaces

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15
Q

Why do we have wing control surfaces

A

Improves the performance of aircraft as controls aeroelastic loads

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16
Q

What are the two types of active aeroelastic control techniques?

A

. Manoeuvre load control
. Gust load

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17
Q

What does the rudder do?

A

Directional control around the vertical axis
Nose left or right / yaw

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18
Q

If the left rudder pedal is pressed what way does the rudder deflect?

A

If left is pushed then rudder deflects left

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19
Q

What do spoilers do?

A

Assist in controlling the bank of the aircraft

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20
Q

When would a spoiler rise up?

A

On the side of the aircraft that the aileron has rises up on

21
Q

What do plain flaps cause in terms of its shape?

A

Increases wing camber and provides greater lift
Forms trailing edge when retracted

22
Q

How do slots in a wing benefit the flight?

A

The spanwise air allows air flow from below wing to upper surface

Hugh speed air flow mixed with boundary layer which delays boundary layer separation on the upper surface of the wing.

23
Q

When do you use speed brakes and why?

A

It’s a secondary control surface which increases drag and reduces speed on the aircraft when flying.

Applied automatically when ground spoilers are deployed on ground.

24
Q

What are control cables normally made from?

A

7x7 or 7x14
Flexible steel wires

25
Q

How do you measure the tension places on a cable?

A

By using a tensiometer

26
Q

Why do we use tension regulators?

A

Allows the cable under all conditions of temperature change and deflections to be taken in and out of each side. Remains a uniform tension

27
Q

What are some disadvantages of push -pull rods?

A

. High weight
. Less ability to be routed without complications

28
Q

When are screw jacks used?

A

Threaded units that convert rotary movement into linear travel

29
Q

What is the main disadvantage of a screw jack?

A

Strong aerodynamic loads can drive the screw back backwards

30
Q

What 2 operational modes does a servo control unit have?

A

. Damping mode
. Control/ active mode

31
Q

What is damping mode?

A

Used as a gust damper for flight control surfaces when the aircraft is on the ground

32
Q

Is PFCU reversible or non reversible?

A

Non reversible

33
Q

What do we use pneumatic systems for?

A

Used as back up to essential operation services
(Landing gear, brake, nose steering - emergency’s)

34
Q

Why do we prefer hydraulics over pneumatics?

A

As air is compressible in hydraulics

35
Q

What is an advatanges of an electro hydraulic actuator?

A

.self contained
.saves weight

36
Q

What does the fly by wire do?

A

Replaces manual flight control with electronic interface

37
Q

What is the main advantage of fly by wire

A

Weight savings

38
Q

How does the fly by wire operation work?

A

. Pilots demand sent into electrical signal in cockpit
. Sent to independent computers
. Sent to computer sample data
.processed and sent to actuator

39
Q

How many gyroscopes are fitted to an aircraft?

A

3
One for each axis = pitch, roll and yaw

40
Q

What laws can change the way in which the primary flight computers perform?

A

. Normal law
.direct law

41
Q

What is the purpose of a yaw damper?

A

Damps the yawing and rolling oscillation (Dutch roll mode)

(Provides inputs to the rudders)

42
Q

What is the purpose of the Mach trim system?

A

Trims the nose of the aircraft up as Mach tuck begins

43
Q

What is Mach tuck?

A

Nose down as critical Mach number is reached

44
Q

What do rudder limiters do?

A

At high speed it may exceed structural limitation on the aircraft
Therefore, rudder limiters limit the amount of rudder deflection at high speeds

45
Q

What are the two ways of static balancing?

A

. Under balance
. Overbalance

46
Q

Why do we use rigging pins?

A

Inserted into a control system to mobilise/ lock out a system in order to adjust the system

47
Q

What is the minimum amount of hydraulic systems allowed on an aircraft?

A

2

48
Q

When is direct law used?

A

. When there is a failure of three inertial reference units
. Fault in two elevators
. Flame out in two engines

49
Q

What is the purpose on an electric actuator?

A

Controls the position of the aircraft trim systems

M11 (41 decks)

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