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M11 > 11.10 Fuel > Flashcards

11.10 Fuel Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 most common turbine engine fuels?

A

. Jet A1
. Jet A
. Jet B
. JP5

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2
Q

What duel is most common in Europe and America?

A

Europe = Jet A1

America = Jet A

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3
Q

What are the freezing and flash points of JETA1?

A

Flash point = 38 degrees C

Freezing point = -47 degrees C

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4
Q

What is the freezing and flash point of JET A?

A

Flash point = 38 degrees C

Freezing point = -40 degrees C

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5
Q

Define flash point

A

The lowest temperature at which the fuel creates just enough vapours for it to become inflamed

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6
Q

What are the main requirements for turbine engine fuel?

A

. Low freezing point
. Low flash point for ignition but high enough for safe handling
. Good lubrication
. Low tendency to vapour at High altitudes
. Low tendency to carry water
. Widely available

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7
Q

What are the two different conditions that water can be presents in fuel tank?

A

. Dissolved - totally invisible

. Suspended - visible as small droplets or milky appearance or bubbles

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8
Q

How can you detect water in fuel tanks?

A

. Syringe test cartridge
. Filter changes colour

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9
Q

What are the different types of fuel tanks?

A

. Reserve tanks
. Auxiliary tanks
. Integral tanks

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10
Q

What is the purpose of an auxiliary fuel tank?

A

Optional tanks installed in cargo compartment to further increase aircraft range

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11
Q

Where are integral tanks found?

A

Found in wings, fuselage, horizontal stabiliser

Most common

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12
Q

What is the main advatange of an integral fuel tank?

A

Saves weight because the fuel is in parts of the aircraft structure

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13
Q

What do we use to seal integral tanks?

A

Fillet seal
(Two plates join together with cap seals over bolts etc)

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14
Q

How do you prevent fuel flowing out of collector boxes?

A

Flap baffle check valves

(Allows movement in one direction only)

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15
Q

How you access the fuel tanks?

A

Access panels

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16
Q

What are the three most used fuel sensors?

A

. Float switch
. Thermistor type sensor
. Single point sensor

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17
Q

How do you prevent sparks on access door and aircraft structures?

A

Kint aluminium gasket
(Bonding)

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18
Q

How do you ventilate fuel tanks?

A

Passing air around fuel tanks then releasing air to atmosphere

For stab tank, ram air is circulated

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19
Q

What is the main purpose of draining fuel tanks?

A

. To remove water
. If needs maintenance

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20
Q

What are the two types of drain valves?

A

. Direct valve
. Indirect valve

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21
Q

What is the difference between direct and indirect drain valves?

A

Direct . Installed at lowest point of tank

Indirect. Due to design, drain valves that are not at the lowest point of fuel tank

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22
Q

What do water scavenge systems do?

A

Used to remove water collected in the tank by getting sucked into a jet pump

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the fuel tank vent system?

A

Allows air in fuel tank to escape during refuelling and air to come in when fuel is being used.

Protects from over and under pressuring

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24
Q

During flight what is air for fuel system pressurisation collected by?

A

NACA air inlet

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25
Q

Where is NACA air intake?

A

Lower surface of the wing (triangle)

26
Q

What are the two methods of refuelling?

A

. Gravity refuelling
. Pressure refuelling

27
Q

What are the two main disadvantages of gravity refuelling?

A

. Takes so long
. Easy to spill

28
Q

What PSI do you pressure refuel at?

A

50 PSI

29
Q

What are the three modes of pressure refuelling?

A

. Manual
. Automatic
. Override

30
Q

In what mode can you control refuelling from cockpit?

A

. Automatic mode

31
Q

What is used to power supply for refuelling?

A

. External power
. APU
. Battery

32
Q

How do you prevent overfilling if system fails?

A

Fuel quantity probes to monitor the fuel levels

33
Q

How many boost pumps do major fuel tanks have?

A

2 boost pumps
Making it fail safe

34
Q

What are the two methods of defuelling and which one is preferred?

A

. Pressure defuelling - preferred
. Suction defuelling

35
Q

What do we use to pressure defuel?

A

25- 50 PSI output pressure of boost pumps allows for fast defuelling

36
Q

What is the maximum suction required for defuelling from bowser?

A

10- 15 PSI

37
Q

Is fuel transfer done automatically or manually?

A

ALWAYS done manually

38
Q

What does a jettison system allow?

A

Allows pilot to dump fuel overboard
( if emergency, or prevent overweight landing)

39
Q

What are the special jettison nozzles called?

A

Anti- corona outlets

40
Q

Where is the total amount of fuel located?

A

ECAM or EICAS displays

41
Q

What can the centre or gravity be referred as?

A

Percentage of mean aerodynamic chord

42
Q

When is the fuel control computer bit operational?

A

At take off and landing

43
Q

When is aircraft’s centre of gravity determined?

A

By manufacture upon delivery

44
Q

What is the use of a trim tank system?

A

Used to increase the efficient if an aircraft in flight, reduces fuel consumption

45
Q

What is the purpose of fuel scavenge system?

A

Reduces the amount of non usable fuel in the tanks

46
Q

When is fuel transfer allowed?

A

From reserve tanks to inner main tanks in equal amount, simultaneously

47
Q

When all fuel pumps are the same type what type of valve would you use?

A

Sequence valve

48
Q

What are the two methods of pressure controlled fuel feeds?

A

. High pressure pump
. Sequence valves (low pressure)

49
Q

Where is the engine fuel shut off valve found?

A

On engine fire panel

50
Q

What else can a fuel feed system do, in terms of a possible emergency?

A

Enables isolation of any consumer from the system

51
Q

What does the fuel recirculating system do?

A

Fuel is used to cool inter grated drive generator and engine oil system. Then passed back to fuel tank

52
Q

What is the main purpose of fuel feed system?

A

Ensure proper fuel supply to engine and APU

53
Q

What has to be open for power up of refuelling system?

A

When panel door is open, a switch is activated and system is powered up

54
Q

When would you use override mode?

A

An alternative procedure if electrical power for refuelling is unavailable

55
Q

How does automatic mode refuel?

A

Fuel control computer take preselected and works our correct distribution

56
Q

What must you do when in manual mode?

A

Calculate the fuel distribution before refuelling

57
Q

What are the main 5 components of a refuelling system?

A

. Refuelling couplings
. Refuelling manifold
. Refuelling valves
. Diffusers
. Refuelling control panel

58
Q

What happens if a dangerous level of pressure is reached?

A

Relief valves open

59
Q

How are drain valves normally operated?

A

Normally manually
But in difficult to reach places they may be electric

60
Q

How do you know of there is a fuel leak?

A

By a leak monitor connected to the drain valve

61
Q

If a fuel tank is large enough for someone to clim into, what does it have?

A

Internal openings

Reduce number if external panels, therefore reducing leak points

M11 (41 decks)

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