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Yoga TTC 800 Ayushman Yog > 1.15 Concept And Principles Of Shatkarma > Flashcards

1.15 Concept And Principles Of Shatkarma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of Shatkarma?

A

Shat - 6
Karmas - actions

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2
Q

What are the cleansing methods suggested in Hatha Yoga and Gheranda Samita? How many are there? Name each, and give a description.

A

There are six shatkarmas in Hatha Yoga.
Neti - Nasal cleansing / irrigation
Dhauti - Stomach cleansing
Nauli - Abdominal massage
Kapalbhati - Front brain cleansing
Basti - Yogic enema
Tratika - Concentrated gazing

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3
Q

Hatha Yoga advises Shatkarma only in the case of ______________.

A

Fat/mucus accumulation or any disease in the body.

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4
Q

Gheranda Samhita states that Shatkarma are a ________________ practice, even for __________________.

A

Mandatory, healthy practitioners.

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5
Q

Benefit of Shatkarma
Shatkarma builds the integrity of our whole being. Give the five aspects of being which are influenced by Shatkarma.

A

Physically,
mentally,
emotionally,
psychically,
cosmically

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6
Q

Benefit of Shatkarma
When the Gross Koshas (__________ and __________) are cleansed, there are no blockages between them and the Subtle Kosha (_____________________). Mind, body, and energy can work in unison, removing the barrier to the ________________________Kosha.

A

Annamaya and Pranamaya
Manomaya
Vijnanamaya

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7
Q

Benefit of Shatkarma
When the body is purified, the _________________ are in balanced proportion and the brain functions are simultaneously influenced and altered. When the body is pure, the mind becomes _________, emotional reactions to external stimuli are altered and one will repsond in a more ______________ and ______________manner.

A

Chemical constituents
stable
relaxed and controlled

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8
Q

Benefits of Shatkarma
Practice makes the ___________________keen and ________________ more perceptive and sensitive.

A

Karmendriyan , Jnanadriyan

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9
Q

Benefit of Shatkarma
One is freed from the excess of the ___________. Then _______________is practiced, and success is achieved without ____________

A

Doshas, Pranayama, strain

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10
Q

Hatha Yoga Pradipika is written by _____________________

A

Sage Swatmaram Suri

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11
Q

The structure of practives suggested in Hatha Yoga Pradipika is known as _________________ because it has ____ limbs. These are …

A

Four
Asana
Pranayama
Mudra/ Bandha
Nadanusandhana

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12
Q

Gheranda Samhita is a collection of teachings by Sage Gheranda to his disciple _____________

A

Chandrakapali

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13
Q

The structure of practices suggested in Gheranda Samhita is known as
_______________Yoga, as it has _____limbs.

A

Saptanga

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14
Q

What are the Saptanga of Gheranda Samhita?

A

Shatkarma
Asana
Mudra
Pratyahara
Pranayama
Dhyana
Samadhi

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15
Q

What is the alternate name of Saptanga Yoga?

A

Ghatasya Yoga

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16
Q

HYP mentions ________Dhauti.
Explain in detail.

A

Vastra
-saline water
-sit in Kagasana, swallow cloth
-remove cloth
-do not let the cloth fold
-should be done before sunrise

This is an abbreviated description, give details.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of using saline water for dhauti?

A

The water should closely match the body’s internal environment to avoid a reaction.

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18
Q

According to GS, what ar the four types of Dhauti?

A

Antar Dhauti
Danta Dhauti
Hrid Dhauti
Mool Shodhan

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19
Q

According to GS, what are the four types of Antar Dhauti?

A

Vatsara-Air
Varisara - Water
Vanisara - Fire
Bahishkrita - Rectal cleaning

Be able to describe each in detail.

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20
Q

What is the meaning of the word Saktinadi?

A

Rectum

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21
Q

Vatsara is alternately known as __________

A

Plavini

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22
Q

What Mudra is used during Vatsara?

A

Kaki

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23
Q

Varisara is also known as…

A

Shankha Prakshalana

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24
Q

What are the two types of Shanka Prakshalana?

A

Laghu Shankha Prakhsalana
Deerga Shanka Prakhsalana

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25
Q

What is the difference between Laghu and Deergha Shankha Prakshalana?

A

Lahgu uses 3-4 liters of water
Deegha uses 7-8 liters of water

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26
Q

What are the five asanas of Varisara?

A

Tadasana
Tiryak Tadasana
Kati Chakrasana
Tiryak Bhujangasana
Udara-akarshana

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27
Q

How many times is the navel pushed toward the spine in Vanisara?

A

100, or as per capacity

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28
Q

Why is the term Shankha Prakshalana used to describe this Shatkarma?

A

The process of this Shatkarma resembles the way a conch expels water from its shell. The water bypasses the bladder and moves through the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and finally the anal cavity.

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29
Q

What are the four types of Danta Dhauti?

A

Danta Shodhan
Jivha Shodhan
Karna Shodhan
Kapalrandhra Shodhan

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30
Q

What root is used in Danta Dhauti

A

Khadira or Acacia Catechu

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31
Q

In Jivha Dhauti, the index finger, the middle finger and the ring finger are used to ….

A

clean the root of the tongue

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32
Q

Describe Karna Shodhan

A

Rub the auditory canal by inserting the tip of the index finger into it.

33
Q

When should Kapal Randhra be performed?

A

Every day, after waking from sleep, after meals, and at the end of the day.

34
Q

What are the three types of Hrid Dhauti?

A

Vastra
Danda
Vaman

35
Q

Explain Mool Shodhan.

A

One should diligently clean the rectum with the stem of turmeric (plant), or the middle finger and water again and again.

36
Q

Per GS, in Hrid Dhauti, what size should the cloth be when performing Vastra?

A

4 fingers wide and 19-25 cubits in length

37
Q

In Danda (Hrid Dhauti) what tool is used to perform the Shatkarma?

A

A stick, stalk of plantain, turmeric, or cane

38
Q

What is another name for Vaman (Hrid Dhauti)?

A

Vyaghra Kriya

39
Q

What is the physical mechanism of cleansing the stomach in Vaman?

A

Vomiting

40
Q

In Hatharatnavali, Vaman Dhauti is described as _______________. What is the difference between these two kriyas?

A

Gajakarni or Elephant Stomach cleansing.
Gajakarni does not require the use of water. Vyaghra requires drinking water 3-4 hours after eating

41
Q

What is the most commonly performed Dhauti today? How often can it be performed?

A

Kujal Kriya
Once per week

42
Q

Describe Kunjal Kriya

A

Make 2-3 liters of saline water. Sit in Kagasana and gulp down the water to fill the stomach up to the throat. Then stand up, keep the feet together and bend forward over the sink or bucket. Place the left palm on the stomach and use the right index finger, middle finger, and ring finger to tickle the back of the throat to create a vomiting reflux.

43
Q

When and what food should be consumed after Kunjal Kriya?

A

Half an hour after vomiting you should eat a liquid (not thick) preparation of boiled rice and milk with sugar added.

44
Q

What are the steps of Jala Basti according to HYP?

A

Sitting in Utkat asana, navel deep in water, insert a tube into the anus and contract the anus. This cleaning with water is called Basti karma.

To perform Basti, the practitioner first has to be adept in Uddiyana Bandha and Nauli.

45
Q

What are the two types of Basti per GS?

A

Jala Basti- Same as HYP

Sthal Basti / Shushka Basti-
Lie down in Vipareeta Karani asana
Now dilate and contract the anus by Asvini Mudra.

46
Q

What is the size of the cloth in Sutra Neti, per HYP?

A

4mm wide and 36 cm long
or
1 balishta
or
9 inches

47
Q

Describe Sutra Neti per HYP

A
48
Q

Describe Sutra Neti per GS

A
49
Q

Explain Tratak according to HYP and GS.

A
50
Q

What are the two forms of Tratak?

A

Bahiranga Trataka
Antarange Trataka

51
Q

What is the most common way of performing Jyoti Trataka? Why?

A

Candle gazing. Because th impression of the flame remains for some time and Antaranga Trataka can easily be practiced.

52
Q

Trataka can be done at any time however it is best to practice on a full stomach. True or False

A

False. Trataka should be practiced on an empty stomach.

53
Q

Benefits of Tratak are…

A

Tratak eradicates all eye diseases, fatigue, and sloth and closes the doorway creating these problems. It should be carefully kept secret like a golden casket.
-This practice can induce telepathy, telekinesis, and psychic healing.
-Further results of Ekagrata are strong willpower, improved memory, and concentration ability.
Physiologically, Trataka relieves eye ailments such as strain, headache, myopia, astigmatism, and even early stages of cataracts.

54
Q

Describe Nauli per HYP

A

This is a practice of contracting and isolating the rectus Abdominis Muscles.

Lean forward, protrude the abdomen and rotate (the muscle) from right to left with speed. This is called Nauli by the Siddhas.

55
Q

What are the three types of Laukiki per GS?

A

Dakshin Nauli - Muscle Rotation from left to right
Vama Nauli - Muscle Rotation from right to left
Madhyama Nauli - When the middle group of muscles protrudes.

56
Q

What is the preparatory Bandha for Laukiki (nauli)?

A

Uddiyana

57
Q

Which Shatkarma is referred to as the “Goddess of Creation”?

A

Nauli

58
Q

What is the HYP Shatkarma known as bellows breathing?

A

Kapalbhati

59
Q

Kapalbhati is used for _____________ cleansing.

A

Frontal brain

60
Q

In GS Kapalbhati is known as ___________.

A

Bhalbhati

61
Q

Bhal means ____________
Bhati means ____________

A

Cranium or forehead
light, splendo, perception, knowledge

62
Q

What are the three forms of Bhalbhati per GS

A

Vatakrama- draw in air through Ida (the left nostril) expel it through Pingala (the right nostril). repeat, drawing air through the Pingala, expel it through Ida.
Vyutkrama- After drawing water through the two nostrils ,expel it through the mouth. Repeatedly taking in water in this way.
Sheet Krama- Sucking water by the mouth so as to produce a hissing sound, hrow it out through the nostrils.

63
Q

Give benefits and for Dhauti

A

Cough, asthma, spleen disease, leprosy, and twenty kinds of diseases caused by excess mucus are destroyed through the effect of Dhauti karma.

Dhauti Kriya cleans the entire digestive tract and respiratory tract. It removes excess and old bile, mucus, and toxins and restores the natural balance of the body’s chemical composition.

This kriya also helps remove infectious bacteria from the mouth, nose, eyes, ears, throat, stomach, intestine, and anus. The results are a reduction of excess fatty tissues, relief from flatulence, constipation, poor digestion, and loss of appetite.

64
Q

Give contraindications for dhauti

A

Antar Dhauti must not be practiced if you have stomach / intestinal ulcers, hernia, heart disease, and high BP.

Dhauti shall also be avoided during the monthly period as the hormone balance may be affected.

65
Q

Give benefits of Basti

A

Enlargement of the glands and spleen and all diseases arising from excess air, bile, and mucus are eliminated from the body through the practice of Basti.

By practicing Jala Basti the appetite increases, the body glows, excess doshas are destroyed and the Dhatu, senses, and mind are purified.

Basti completely washes the bowels and removes excess bacteria, old stool, threadworms, and heat from the lower intestines.

It pushes Apana Vayu upwards, when Apana rises it can be felt in the naval region and as a great pressure on the stomach.

Basti cures digestive disorders and is particularly useful for removing constipation, stimulating sluggish digestion, controlling nervous diarrhea, and strengthening the solar plexus.

66
Q

Give contraindications of Basti

A

Contraindication for people with rectal bleeding, ulcerative colitis, and colon cancer.

Basti karma is used as an Ayurvedic panchakarma therapy wherein herbal decoction mixed with honey, rock salt, etc. are administered en route like an enema. This is also called Asthapana Basti.

Asthapana Basti should not be done if you have indigestion (Ajirna), Low Digestion (Alpa-Agni), are Very Weak (Ati-Durbalta), in presence of hunger, thirst, tiredness, etc.

67
Q

Give benefits of Neti

A

Neti cleanses the cranium and bestows clairvoyance. It also destroys all diseases which manifest above the throat.

The practice of Neti promotes a balance between the left and right nostrils and consequently the right and left brain hemispheres.

Neti exerts a relaxing and irrigating effect upon the eyes by stimulating the tear ducts and glands.

Irrigation of the nasal mucosa removes accumulated mucus from the nostrils, associated passages, and sinuses, allowing air to flow without obstruction.

The membrane lining the nostril secrets a protective film of sticky mucus. Tiny hairlike cilia promote the movement of mucus, along with pollutants, dust, etc. The nasal membrane is highly innervated by nerve fibers and is perhaps the most sensitive area of the whole body.
These nerve fibers include not only the fibers of the olfactory nerve (the first cranial nerve) responsible for the sense of smell but also numerous other autonomic fibers that relay information to the brain about the inflowing breath, not only smells but also environmental temperature, humidity, and allergens in the air are all sensed by the nose as the flowing breath is drawn across this mucous membrane.

68
Q

Give Contraindications of Neti

A
  1. Excessive blocked nose
  2. Internal infection
69
Q

What are three additional types of Neti aside from HYP and GS

A
  1. Jala Neti (Nasal irrigation with water)
  2. Dugdha Neti (Nasal irrigation with milk)
  3. Ghrita Neti (Nasal irrigation with clarified butter)
70
Q

Describe Tratak

A

Looking intently with an unwavering gaze at a small point until tears are shed

71
Q

What are the two types of Tratak?

A

Bahiranga Trataka - Gazing at an object

Antaranga Trataka - Clear and stable inner visualization of an object.

72
Q

What is the most suitable object for Trataka?

A

a candle flame because a symbol, yantra /mandala leaves an impression in the mind and stimulates particular centers.

73
Q

Trataka is a process of concentrating the mind and curbing its oscillating tendencies to develop Ekagrata. Trataka induces _________________

A

Pratyahara.

74
Q

What are the benefits of Tratak

A

Tratak eradicates all eye diseases, fatigue, and sloth and closes the doorway creating these problems. It should be carefully kept secret like a golden casket.

This practice can induce telepathy, telekinesis, and psychic healing.

Further results of Ekagrata are strong willpower, improved memory, and concentration ability.

Physiologically, Trataka relieves eye ailments such as strain, headache, myopia, astigmatism, and even early stages of cataracts.

75
Q

What are the contraindications of Trataka?

A

Epileptics should avoid gazing at flickering candles, they can choose a steady object only.

If you have insomnia, this practice at night will make your mind wide awake and difficult to go to sleep.

In the case of a tensional headache, this may aggravate pain.

76
Q

What are the benefits of Nauli?

A

Nauli is the foremost of the hatha yoga practices. It kindles the digestive fire, removing indigestion, sluggish digestion, and all disorders of the doshas, and brings about happiness. It is referred to as the Goddess of creation.

It stimulates the entire internal system.

Asana and Pranayama practice definitely generate energy, but Nauli activates the system in a much shorter time and with greater force.

It balances the endocrine system and helps control the production of sex hormones.

77
Q

What are the contraindications of Nauli?

A

Suffering from heart disease,

Hypertension

Hernia

Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers

Recovering from some internal injury or abdominal surgery.

78
Q

What are the benefits of Kapalbhatit or Bhalbati?

A

During normal inhalation, fluid around the brain is compressed and the brain contracts very slightly. With an exhalation, this cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is decompressed and the brain very slightly expands. This is the mechanical influence of the respiratory cycle on the structure of the brain.

The forced exhalation nature of Kapalbhati increases the massaging effect on the brain by enhancing the decompression effect on every exhalation.

The average number of breaths, being 15/min, means the brain is compressed/decompressed that many times, but here you are breathing 50-100 times, stimulating the brain 3-7 times more than normal per round.

Kapalbhati helps relax facial muscles and nerves. It rejuvenates tired cells and nerves, keeping the face young, shining, and wrinkle-free.

Kapalbhati is a kriya that invigorates the entire brain and awakens the dormant centers which are responsible for subtle perception.

79
Q

What are the contraindications of Kapalbhati or Bhalbati?

A

High or low blood pressure.

Heart Disease

Hernia

Gastric ulcers

Epilepsy

Vertigo

Migraine

Significant Nosebleeds

Detached retina

Glaucoma

History of stroke

Recent abdominal surgery

Pregnancy

Yoga TTC 800 Ayushman Yog (85 decks)

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