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Chemistry > 1.1 The World Of The Microscope > Flashcards

1.1 The World Of The Microscope Flashcards

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1
Q

What are living things made up of?

A

Cells

Most cells are so small that they can only be seen using a microscope.

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2
Q

What is the conversion from 1 kilometre to metres?

A

1000 metres

1 km = 1000 m

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3
Q

How many centimetres are in 1 metre?

A

100 centimetres

1 m = 100 cm

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4
Q

How many millimetres are in 1 centimetre?

A

10 millimetres

1 cm = 10 mm

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5
Q

How many micrometres are in 1 millimetre?

A

1000 micrometres

1 mm = 1000 um

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6
Q

What is the relationship between picometres and nanometres?

A

1 pm = 1000 nm

A nanometre is 0.000 000 001 metres.

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7
Q

What are the main features of a light microscope?

A
  • Eyepiece
  • Objective lens
  • Coarse focus
  • Stage
  • Fine focus
  • Slide
  • Light

These components work together to magnify and visualize specimens.

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8
Q

When were the first light microscopes developed?

A

Mid-17th century

Their development has continued since then.

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9
Q

What is the maximum magnification of the best light microscopes?

A

Around 2000 times (x2000)

School microscopes usually magnify several hundred times.

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10
Q

What are the advantages of light microscopes?

A
  • Relatively cheap
  • Can be used almost anywhere
  • Can magnify live specimens

These features make light microscopes widely accessible.

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11
Q

What significant development in microscopy occurred in the 1930s?

A

The invention of the electron microscope

This allowed biologists to see subcellular structures.

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12
Q

What is the maximum magnification of electron microscopes?

A

Around 2,000,000 times

These microscopes use a beam of electrons to form an image.

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13
Q

What type of images do transmission electron microscopes provide?

A

2D images with very high magnification and resolution

They are used to view very small structures.

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14
Q

What is a characteristic of scanning electron microscopes?

A

They give dramatic 3D images but lower magnifications

This provides a different perspective on the specimen.

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes?

A
  • Large
  • Very expensive
  • Require special environmental conditions

They need to be kept in controlled rooms.

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16
Q

How do you calculate the magnification of a light microscope?

A

Multiply the magnification of the eyepiece lens by the objective lens

For example, if eyepiece is x4 and objective is x10, then overall magnification is x40.

17
Q

Fill in the blank: The overall magnification is calculated by _____ the magnification of the eyepiece lens by the magnification of the objective lens.

A

multiplying

This is a straightforward calculation.

18
Q

When labeling drawings made using a microscope, what should be indicated?

A

The magnification at which the specimen was viewed

For example, label as viewed at x40.

19
Q

What is the formula for calculating magnification?

A

Magnification = size of image / size of real object

20
Q

If the magnification is x40 and the image size is 1 mm, what is the size of the real object?

A

Size of real object = 1 mm / 40 = 0.025 mm or 25 um

21
Q

What is the diameter of the cell if its size is calculated to be 25 um?

A

25 um

22
Q

What is the maximum magnification of light microscopes?

A

Up to x2000

23
Q

What is the resolving power of a light microscope?

A

About 200 nm

24
Q

What is the maximum magnification of electron microscopes?

A

Up to x2,000,000

25
Q

What is the resolving power of a scanning electron microscope?

A

About 10 nm

26
Q

What is the resolving power of a transmission electron microscope?

A

About 0.2 nm

27
Q

True or False: The resolving power of a light microscope is better than that of a transmission electron microscope.

A

False

28
Q

What is resolution in microscopy?

A

The ability to distinguish between two separate points

29
Q

What happens when two objects are closer together than the minimum distance for resolution?

A

They appear as one object

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The height of an average person magnified by the best light microscope would look about _______.

A

3.5 km

31
Q

Fill in the blank: The height of an average person magnified by an electron microscope would look about _______.

A

3500 km

Chemistry (89 decks)

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