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Chemistry > P1 - 1.10 Metals And Non Metals (And Alloys, Reactions Of Metals) > Flashcards

P1 - 1.10 Metals And Non Metals (And Alloys, Reactions Of Metals) Flashcards

Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

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1
Q

Where can you find metals on the periodic table

A

Bottom left

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2
Q

The periodic table mainly consists of which:

Alloys
Gases
Metals

A

Metals

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3
Q

Do metals form positive or negative ions when they react

A

Positive

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4
Q

How would you write a calcium ion with a +2

A

[Ca]^+2

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5
Q

What kind of ions do non metals form

A
  • they dont form ions
    Or
  • they form negative ions
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6
Q

How would we write the negative ion chlorine -1

A

[Cl]^-

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7
Q

How does the electron arrangement determine whether an ion is formed

A

If the atom has a full outer shell of electrons in order to be stable

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8
Q

If Ca is in group 2 how many electrons will it have in its outmost shell

A

2 because it is in group 2

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9
Q

How do we quickly work out how many electrons shells are in an atoms outmost ring

A

Look at the group number on the periodic table

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10
Q

On the left hand side of the periodic table is it easier for the atoms to gain or lose electrons

A

Lose electrons which there turns it to be a positive ion

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11
Q

On the right hand side of the periodic table is it easier for the atoms to gain or lose electrons

A

It is easier to gain electrons making it a negative ion

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12
Q

In a chlorine atom how many electrons are gained or lost

A

One electron is gained
[Cl]^-

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13
Q

When gaining or losing electrons does it take a lot of energy

A

It uses up a lot of energy which is why we dont just lose 7 electrons for example in a group 7 atom

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14
Q

Is the top or bottom of the periodic table more reactive

A

Bottom as they have a lot more shells

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15
Q

Why are the atoms at the bottom of the periodic table more reactive

A

They have a lot more shells so the outmost shell is the furthest away from the nucleus therefore cant hold onto these rings as strongly so lose electrons easier

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16
Q

Which subatomic particle holds the electron rings in place

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

In an atom with fewer electron rings is it less or more reactive

A

Less reactive because the nucleus can easily hold onto the rings

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18
Q

In an atom with more electron rings is it less or more reactive

A

More reactive because the nucleus cannot easily hold onto the rings

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19
Q

At group 4 is it easier to gain or lose electrons

A

Losing electrons takes less energy therefore it loses 4 electrons

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20
Q

What type of bonding do metals have

A

Metallic honding

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21
Q

How strong are metallic bonds

A

Very strong

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22
Q

What is the term called where a metal can be easily bent and change shape without snapping

A

Malleable

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23
Q

What 2 things are metals good conductors of

A
  • heat
  • electricity
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24
Q

What is the most common type of metal we use to make wires with

A

Copper

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25
Q

Do metals have a higher or lower melting and boiling point

A

High melting point
High boiling point

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26
Q

Some metals wont even melt at _____ °C

A

2000°C

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27
Q

What does the term sonorous mean

A

It makes a loud ringing sound when u hit it

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28
Q

What 2 physical properties does a metals appearance have

A

Shiny
Sonorous

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29
Q

What term do we use to say something easily breaks

A

Brittle

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30
Q

Non metals are ____ in colour

A

Dull

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31
Q

Do non metals have lower or higher boiling and melting points

A

Low melting and boiling points

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32
Q

Non metals are often g_____ at room temperature

A

Gaseous

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33
Q

What has a higher density :
Metal or a non metal

A

Metal

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34
Q

What has a lower density :
Metal or a non metal

A

Non metal

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35
Q

How well do non metals conduct electricity

A

they are poor conductors

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36
Q

Is a physical property of a non metals or a metal brittle

A

Non metals are brittle

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37
Q

Name 4 physical properties of metals

A
  • metallic bonding (very strong)
  • conductors of heat and electricity
  • high melting and boiling points
  • shiny and sonorous in appearance
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38
Q

Name 4 physical properties of non metals

A
  • lower densities than metals
  • its appearance is brittle and dull in colour
  • poor conductor of electricity
  • low melting and boiling points
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39
Q

Where can you find transition metals on the periodic table

A

The middle

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40
Q

What types of properties does transition metals have

A

All the typical properties +some extra properties

  • can form more than one ion
  • make good catalysts
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41
Q

How many ions can the transition metal chromium form

A

[Cr]^+2

[Cr]^+3

[Cr]^+6

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42
Q

what colours would these chromium ions be in an aqueous state

[Cr]^+2

[Cr]^+3

[Cr]^+6

A

[Cr]^+2 : blue

[Cr]^+3 : green

[Cr]^+6. : orange

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43
Q

What can we use transition metals for in chemical reactions

A

They make good catalysts

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44
Q

What is a catalysts

A

A substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being used up themselves

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45
Q

In the haber process that is used to make ammonia which transition metals is used as a catalyst

A

Iron

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46
Q

In the hydrogenation of alkenes that is used to make margarine what transition metal is used as a catalyst

A

Nickel

47
Q

What are the 4 most reactive atoms in order form most to least in this list:

Calcium
Sodium
Lithium
Potassium

A

Potassium (Professor)
Sodium (Snape)
Lithium (Likes)
Calcium (Calculations)

48
Q

What does the acronym “Professor Snape Likes Calculations” stand for at the beginning of the reactivity table

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium

49
Q

Do the elements potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium react with water oxygen or acids

A

Water, acids and oxygen

50
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is potassium

A

Very reactive

51
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is sodium

A

Very reactive

52
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is lithium

A

Very reactive

53
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is calcium

A

Very reactive

54
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is magnesium

A

Slightly reactive

55
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is aluminium

A

Slightly reactive

56
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is zinc

A

Slightly reactive

57
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is iron

A

Slightly reactive

58
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is tin

A

Slightly reactive

59
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is lead

A

Slightly reactive

60
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is copper

A

Very unreactive

61
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is mercury

A

Very unreactive

62
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is silver

A

Very unreactive

63
Q

On the reactivity table how reactive is gold

A

Very unreactive

64
Q

What is the second section of the reactivity table in order from most to least reactive :

Magnesium
Lead
Tin
Carbon
Iron
Aluminium
Zinc

A

Magnesium (Mondays)
Aluminium (Are)
Carbon (Chaos)
Zinc (Zoos)
Iron (Increase)
Tin (their)
Lead (luck)

65
Q

What does the acronym: Monday are chaos. Zoos increase their luck : stand for

A

Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead

66
Q

What is the acronym for Magnesium, Lead, Tin, Carbon, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc

A

Mondays are chaos. Zooms increase their luck

67
Q

Do the metals Magnesium, Lead, Tin, Carbon, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc react with water acids or oxygen

A

Reacts with acids and oxygen

68
Q

In the third section of the reactivity table put these metals into reactivity order from most reactive to least reactive

Mercury
Gold
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver

A

Hydrogen (How)
Copper (Can)
Mercury (Monkeys)
Silver (Smell)
Gold (Grapes)

69
Q

What is the acronym for the third section of the reactivity table

A

How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes

70
Q

What does the acronyms how can monkeys smell grapes stand for

A

Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold

71
Q

Do the metals Hydrogen, Copper, Mercury, Silver, Gold react with water acids or oxygen

A

Reacts with oxygen

72
Q

What is the full acronym for the reactivity table

A

Professor
Snape
Likes
Calculations.

Mondays
Are
Chaos.
Zoos
Increase
Their
Luck.

How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes?

73
Q

Using the acronym list the full metal reactivity table:

Professor
Snape
Likes
Calculations.

Mondays
Are
Chaos.
Zoos
Increase
Their
Luck.

How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold

74
Q

What 2 elements on the metal reactivity table are not metals

A

Carbon
Hydrogen

75
Q

What is produced when metals react with water

A

Metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas

76
Q

When potassium is added to water what will happen

A

-Floats
-moves around very quickly on the surface
- catches fire (lilac flame) and releases hydrogen gas
- sometimes has a small explosion at the end of a reaction

77
Q

What colour flame is produced when potassium reacts with water

A

Lilac

78
Q

What is the word equation when potassium reacts with water

A

Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

79
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid

A

Salt and hydrogen gas

80
Q

How can we investigate the reactivity of different metals

A

Placing samples of metals in boiling tubes with 25cm^3 of dilute hydrochloric acid and recording the results (bubbles)

81
Q

What will the word equation be if i reacted zinc with hydrochloric acid

A

Zinc + hydrochloric acid -> zinc chloride + hydrogen

82
Q

What will the word equation be if i reacted magnesium with hydrochloric acid

A

Magnesium + hydrochloric acid -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

83
Q

In order of the reactivity table how will the metals react with dilute acids

A

Section 1 : violent reaction with rapid bubbling
Top of Section 2 : rapid bubbling but is slow at first
Middle of Section 2 : slow bubbling
Bottom of Section 2 : very slow bubbling
Section 3: no reaction

84
Q

How will potassium, sodium or calcium react with dilute acids

A

Violent reaction with rapid bubbling

85
Q

How will magnesium and aluminium react with dilute acids

A

Rapid bubbling but slow at first Bottom

86
Q

How will zinc and iron react with dilute acids

A

Slow bubbling

87
Q

How will tin and lead react with dilute acids

A

Very slow bubbling

88
Q

How will copper, silver, gold and platinum react with dilute acids

A

No reaction

89
Q

What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is hydrochloric acid

A

Chloride

90
Q

What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is sulfuric acid

A

Sulfate

91
Q

What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is nitric acid

A

Nitrate

92
Q

What are the 3 main acids we need to remember

A

Hydrochloric acid
Nitrtic acid
Sulfuric acid

93
Q

Why are the elements hydrogen and carbon on the metal reactivity table

A

Carbon and hydrogen are elements used to extract metals so they can be placed on the reactivity table to show whether the metals will react with them

94
Q

Will metals below hydrogen react with acid

A

No they will only react with oxygen

95
Q

How can we prove hydrogen gas has been produced when a metal reacts with an acid

A

Take a lit splint and place it in the test tube and if there is hydrogen present it should make a squeaky pop sound

96
Q

What type of salts does sulfuric acids make

A

Sulfate salts

97
Q

What type of salts does hydrochloric acid make

A

Chloride salts

98
Q

What type of salts does nitric acid make

A

Nitrate salts

99
Q

What are spectator ions (the ionic equation for a metal and acid reaction)

A

A reactant and product

100
Q

True or False:
Spectator ions dont change at all in a chemical reaction

A

True

101
Q

True or False:
Spectator ions change in a chemical reaction

A

False they do not change

102
Q

When metals react with oxygen what is produced

A

Metal oxides

103
Q

What is the word equation for reacting copper with oxygen

A

Copper + oxygen -> copper oxide

104
Q

What is the word equation for reacting iron and oxygen

A

Iron + oxygen -> iron oxide

105
Q

What is the word equation for reacting magnesium with oxygen

A

Magnesium + oxygen -> magnesium oxide

106
Q

Which elements in the metals reactivity table can be extracted with carbon

A

Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold

107
Q

Which elements in the metals reactivity table cannot be extracted with carbon

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium

108
Q

How do you extract metals from ores that are unreactive

A

Heat the ore

109
Q

How do you extract metals from ores that are reactive

A

Heat with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract the metal from a reactive ore

110
Q

What is the word equation to extract silver from the equation
Silver oxide -> _____ + _______

A

Silver oxide -> silver + oxygen

111
Q

Finish the equation for extracting metals
Metal oxide + carbon -> ____+_____

A

Metal oxide + carbon -> metal + carbon dioxide

112
Q

Finish the equation for extracting metals
Copper oxide + ______ -> ____+_____

A

Copper oxide + carbon -> copper + carbon dioxide

113
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of 2 or more elements (which one is a metal)

114
Q

What properties do alloys have

A
  • Different sizes that distort the regular arrangements of atoms
  • makes it more difficult for layers to slide over each other making it much harder than a pure metal

Chemistry (89 decks)

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