P1 - 1.10 Metals And Non Metals (And Alloys, Reactions Of Metals) Flashcards
Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table
1
Q
Where can you find metals on the periodic table
A
Bottom left
2
Q
The periodic table mainly consists of which:
Alloys
Gases
Metals
A
Metals
3
Q
Do metals form positive or negative ions when they react
A
Positive
4
Q
How would you write a calcium ion with a +2
A
[Ca]^+2
5
Q
What kind of ions do non metals form
A
- they dont form ions
Or - they form negative ions
6
Q
How would we write the negative ion chlorine -1
A
[Cl]^-
7
Q
How does the electron arrangement determine whether an ion is formed
A
If the atom has a full outer shell of electrons in order to be stable
8
Q
If Ca is in group 2 how many electrons will it have in its outmost shell
A
2 because it is in group 2
9
Q
How do we quickly work out how many electrons shells are in an atoms outmost ring
A
Look at the group number on the periodic table
10
Q
On the left hand side of the periodic table is it easier for the atoms to gain or lose electrons
A
Lose electrons which there turns it to be a positive ion
11
Q
On the right hand side of the periodic table is it easier for the atoms to gain or lose electrons
A
It is easier to gain electrons making it a negative ion
12
Q
In a chlorine atom how many electrons are gained or lost
A
One electron is gained
[Cl]^-
13
Q
When gaining or losing electrons does it take a lot of energy
A
It uses up a lot of energy which is why we dont just lose 7 electrons for example in a group 7 atom
14
Q
Is the top or bottom of the periodic table more reactive
A
Bottom as they have a lot more shells
15
Q
Why are the atoms at the bottom of the periodic table more reactive
A
They have a lot more shells so the outmost shell is the furthest away from the nucleus therefore cant hold onto these rings as strongly so lose electrons easier
16
Q
Which subatomic particle holds the electron rings in place
A
Nucleus
17
Q
In an atom with fewer electron rings is it less or more reactive
A
Less reactive because the nucleus can easily hold onto the rings
18
Q
In an atom with more electron rings is it less or more reactive
A
More reactive because the nucleus cannot easily hold onto the rings
19
Q
At group 4 is it easier to gain or lose electrons
A
Losing electrons takes less energy therefore it loses 4 electrons
20
Q
What type of bonding do metals have
A
Metallic honding
21
Q
How strong are metallic bonds
A
Very strong
22
Q
What is the term called where a metal can be easily bent and change shape without snapping
A
Malleable
23
Q
What 2 things are metals good conductors of
A
- heat
- electricity
24
Q
What is the most common type of metal we use to make wires with
A
Copper
25
Do metals have a higher or lower melting and boiling point
High melting point
High boiling point
26
Some metals wont even melt at _____ °C
2000°C
27
What does the term sonorous mean
It makes a loud ringing sound when u hit it
28
What 2 physical properties does a metals appearance have
Shiny
Sonorous
29
What term do we use to say something easily breaks
Brittle
30
Non metals are ____ in colour
Dull
31
Do non metals have lower or higher boiling and melting points
Low melting and boiling points
32
Non metals are often g_____ at room temperature
Gaseous
33
What has a higher density :
Metal or a non metal
Metal
34
What has a lower density :
Metal or a non metal
Non metal
35
How well do non metals conduct electricity
they are poor conductors
36
Is a physical property of a non metals or a metal brittle
Non metals are brittle
37
Name 4 physical properties of metals
- metallic bonding (very strong)
- conductors of heat and electricity
- high melting and boiling points
- shiny and sonorous in appearance
38
Name 4 physical properties of non metals
- lower densities than metals
- its appearance is brittle and dull in colour
- poor conductor of electricity
- low melting and boiling points
39
Where can you find transition metals on the periodic table
The middle
40
What types of properties does transition metals have
All the typical properties +some extra properties
- can form more than one ion
- make good catalysts
41
How many ions can the transition metal chromium form
[Cr]^+2
[Cr]^+3
[Cr]^+6
42
what colours would these chromium ions be in an aqueous state
[Cr]^+2
[Cr]^+3
[Cr]^+6
[Cr]^+2 : blue
[Cr]^+3 : green
[Cr]^+6. : orange
43
What can we use transition metals for in chemical reactions
They make good catalysts
44
What is a catalysts
A substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being used up themselves
45
In the haber process that is used to make ammonia which transition metals is used as a catalyst
Iron
46
In the hydrogenation of alkenes that is used to make margarine what transition metal is used as a catalyst
Nickel
47
What are the 4 most reactive atoms in order form most to least in this list:
Calcium
Sodium
Lithium
Potassium
Potassium (Professor)
Sodium (Snape)
Lithium (Likes)
Calcium (Calculations)
48
What does the acronym “Professor Snape Likes Calculations” stand for at the beginning of the reactivity table
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
49
Do the elements potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium react with water oxygen or acids
Water, acids and oxygen
50
On the reactivity table how reactive is potassium
Very reactive
51
On the reactivity table how reactive is sodium
Very reactive
52
On the reactivity table how reactive is lithium
Very reactive
53
On the reactivity table how reactive is calcium
Very reactive
54
On the reactivity table how reactive is magnesium
Slightly reactive
55
On the reactivity table how reactive is aluminium
Slightly reactive
56
On the reactivity table how reactive is zinc
Slightly reactive
57
On the reactivity table how reactive is iron
Slightly reactive
58
On the reactivity table how reactive is tin
Slightly reactive
59
On the reactivity table how reactive is lead
Slightly reactive
60
On the reactivity table how reactive is copper
Very unreactive
61
On the reactivity table how reactive is mercury
Very unreactive
62
On the reactivity table how reactive is silver
Very unreactive
63
On the reactivity table how reactive is gold
Very unreactive
64
What is the second section of the reactivity table in order from most to least reactive :
Magnesium
Lead
Tin
Carbon
Iron
Aluminium
Zinc
Magnesium (Mondays)
Aluminium (Are)
Carbon (Chaos)
Zinc (Zoos)
Iron (Increase)
Tin (their)
Lead (luck)
65
What does the acronym: Monday are chaos. Zoos increase their luck : stand for
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
66
What is the acronym for Magnesium, Lead, Tin, Carbon, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc
Mondays are chaos. Zooms increase their luck
67
Do the metals Magnesium, Lead, Tin, Carbon, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc react with water acids or oxygen
Reacts with acids and oxygen
68
In the third section of the reactivity table put these metals into reactivity order from most reactive to least reactive
Mercury
Gold
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Hydrogen (How)
Copper (Can)
Mercury (Monkeys)
Silver (Smell)
Gold (Grapes)
69
What is the acronym for the third section of the reactivity table
How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes
70
What does the acronyms how can monkeys smell grapes stand for
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
71
Do the metals Hydrogen, Copper, Mercury, Silver, Gold react with water acids or oxygen
Reacts with oxygen
72
What is the full acronym for the reactivity table
Professor
Snape
Likes
Calculations.
Mondays
Are
Chaos.
Zoos
Increase
Their
Luck.
How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes?
73
Using the acronym list the full metal reactivity table:
Professor
Snape
Likes
Calculations.
Mondays
Are
Chaos.
Zoos
Increase
Their
Luck.
How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes?
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
74
What 2 elements on the metal reactivity table are not metals
Carbon
Hydrogen
75
What is produced when metals react with water
Metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
76
When potassium is added to water what will happen
-Floats
-moves around very quickly on the surface
- catches fire (lilac flame) and releases hydrogen gas
- sometimes has a small explosion at the end of a reaction
77
What colour flame is produced when potassium reacts with water
Lilac
78
What is the word equation when potassium reacts with water
Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
79
What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid
Salt and hydrogen gas
80
How can we investigate the reactivity of different metals
Placing samples of metals in boiling tubes with 25cm^3 of dilute hydrochloric acid and recording the results (bubbles)
81
What will the word equation be if i reacted zinc with hydrochloric acid
Zinc + hydrochloric acid -> zinc chloride + hydrogen
82
What will the word equation be if i reacted magnesium with hydrochloric acid
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen
83
In order of the reactivity table how will the metals react with dilute acids
Section 1 : violent reaction with rapid bubbling
Top of Section 2 : rapid bubbling but is slow at first
Middle of Section 2 : slow bubbling
Bottom of Section 2 : very slow bubbling
Section 3: no reaction
84
How will potassium, sodium or calcium react with dilute acids
Violent reaction with rapid bubbling
85
How will magnesium and aluminium react with dilute acids
Rapid bubbling but slow at first Bottom
86
How will zinc and iron react with dilute acids
Slow bubbling
87
How will tin and lead react with dilute acids
Very slow bubbling
88
How will copper, silver, gold and platinum react with dilute acids
No reaction
89
What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is hydrochloric acid
Chloride
90
What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is sulfuric acid
Sulfate
91
What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is nitric acid
Nitrate
92
What are the 3 main acids we need to remember
Hydrochloric acid
Nitrtic acid
Sulfuric acid
93
Why are the elements hydrogen and carbon on the metal reactivity table
Carbon and hydrogen are elements used to extract metals so they can be placed on the reactivity table to show whether the metals will react with them
94
Will metals below hydrogen react with acid
No they will only react with oxygen
95
How can we prove hydrogen gas has been produced when a metal reacts with an acid
Take a lit splint and place it in the test tube and if there is hydrogen present it should make a squeaky pop sound
96
What type of salts does sulfuric acids make
Sulfate salts
97
What type of salts does hydrochloric acid make
Chloride salts
98
What type of salts does nitric acid make
Nitrate salts
99
What are spectator ions (the ionic equation for a metal and acid reaction)
A reactant and product
100
True or False:
Spectator ions dont change at all in a chemical reaction
True
101
True or False:
Spectator ions change in a chemical reaction
False they do not change
102
When metals react with oxygen what is produced
Metal oxides
103
What is the word equation for reacting copper with oxygen
Copper + oxygen -> copper oxide
104
What is the word equation for reacting iron and oxygen
Iron + oxygen -> iron oxide
105
What is the word equation for reacting magnesium with oxygen
Magnesium + oxygen -> magnesium oxide
106
Which elements in the metals reactivity table can be extracted with carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
107
Which elements in the metals reactivity table cannot be extracted with carbon
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
108
How do you extract metals from ores that are unreactive
Heat the ore
109
How do you extract metals from ores that are reactive
Heat with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract the metal from a reactive ore
110
What is the word equation to extract silver from the equation
Silver oxide -> _____ + _______
Silver oxide -> silver + oxygen
111
Finish the equation for extracting metals
Metal oxide + carbon -> ____+_____
Metal oxide + carbon -> metal + carbon dioxide
112
Finish the equation for extracting metals
Copper oxide + ______ -> ____+_____
Copper oxide + carbon -> copper + carbon dioxide
113
What is an alloy
A mixture of 2 or more elements (which one is a metal)
114
What properties do alloys have
- Different sizes that distort the regular arrangements of atoms
- makes it more difficult for layers to slide over each other making it much harder than a pure metal
