P1 - 1.10 Metals And Non Metals (And Alloys, Reactions Of Metals) Flashcards
Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table
Where can you find metals on the periodic table
Bottom left
The periodic table mainly consists of which:
Alloys
Gases
Metals
Metals
Do metals form positive or negative ions when they react
Positive
How would you write a calcium ion with a +2
[Ca]^+2
What kind of ions do non metals form
- they dont form ions
Or - they form negative ions
How would we write the negative ion chlorine -1
[Cl]^-
How does the electron arrangement determine whether an ion is formed
If the atom has a full outer shell of electrons in order to be stable
If Ca is in group 2 how many electrons will it have in its outmost shell
2 because it is in group 2
How do we quickly work out how many electrons shells are in an atoms outmost ring
Look at the group number on the periodic table
On the left hand side of the periodic table is it easier for the atoms to gain or lose electrons
Lose electrons which there turns it to be a positive ion
On the right hand side of the periodic table is it easier for the atoms to gain or lose electrons
It is easier to gain electrons making it a negative ion
In a chlorine atom how many electrons are gained or lost
One electron is gained
[Cl]^-
When gaining or losing electrons does it take a lot of energy
It uses up a lot of energy which is why we dont just lose 7 electrons for example in a group 7 atom
Is the top or bottom of the periodic table more reactive
Bottom as they have a lot more shells
Why are the atoms at the bottom of the periodic table more reactive
They have a lot more shells so the outmost shell is the furthest away from the nucleus therefore cant hold onto these rings as strongly so lose electrons easier
Which subatomic particle holds the electron rings in place
Nucleus
In an atom with fewer electron rings is it less or more reactive
Less reactive because the nucleus can easily hold onto the rings
In an atom with more electron rings is it less or more reactive
More reactive because the nucleus cannot easily hold onto the rings
At group 4 is it easier to gain or lose electrons
Losing electrons takes less energy therefore it loses 4 electrons
What type of bonding do metals have
Metallic honding
How strong are metallic bonds
Very strong
What is the term called where a metal can be easily bent and change shape without snapping
Malleable
What 2 things are metals good conductors of
- heat
- electricity
What is the most common type of metal we use to make wires with
Copper
Do metals have a higher or lower melting and boiling point
High melting point
High boiling point
Some metals wont even melt at _____ °C
2000°C
What does the term sonorous mean
It makes a loud ringing sound when u hit it
What 2 physical properties does a metals appearance have
Shiny
Sonorous
What term do we use to say something easily breaks
Brittle
Non metals are ____ in colour
Dull
Do non metals have lower or higher boiling and melting points
Low melting and boiling points
Non metals are often g_____ at room temperature
Gaseous
What has a higher density :
Metal or a non metal
Metal
What has a lower density :
Metal or a non metal
Non metal
How well do non metals conduct electricity
they are poor conductors
Is a physical property of a non metals or a metal brittle
Non metals are brittle
Name 4 physical properties of metals
- metallic bonding (very strong)
- conductors of heat and electricity
- high melting and boiling points
- shiny and sonorous in appearance
Name 4 physical properties of non metals
- lower densities than metals
- its appearance is brittle and dull in colour
- poor conductor of electricity
- low melting and boiling points
Where can you find transition metals on the periodic table
The middle
What types of properties does transition metals have
All the typical properties +some extra properties
- can form more than one ion
- make good catalysts
How many ions can the transition metal chromium form
[Cr]^+2
[Cr]^+3
[Cr]^+6
what colours would these chromium ions be in an aqueous state
[Cr]^+2
[Cr]^+3
[Cr]^+6
[Cr]^+2 : blue
[Cr]^+3 : green
[Cr]^+6. : orange
What can we use transition metals for in chemical reactions
They make good catalysts
What is a catalysts
A substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being used up themselves
In the haber process that is used to make ammonia which transition metals is used as a catalyst
Iron
In the hydrogenation of alkenes that is used to make margarine what transition metal is used as a catalyst
Nickel
What are the 4 most reactive atoms in order form most to least in this list:
Calcium
Sodium
Lithium
Potassium
Potassium (Professor)
Sodium (Snape)
Lithium (Likes)
Calcium (Calculations)
What does the acronym “Professor Snape Likes Calculations” stand for at the beginning of the reactivity table
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Do the elements potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium react with water oxygen or acids
Water, acids and oxygen
On the reactivity table how reactive is potassium
Very reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is sodium
Very reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is lithium
Very reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is calcium
Very reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is magnesium
Slightly reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is aluminium
Slightly reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is zinc
Slightly reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is iron
Slightly reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is tin
Slightly reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is lead
Slightly reactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is copper
Very unreactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is mercury
Very unreactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is silver
Very unreactive
On the reactivity table how reactive is gold
Very unreactive
What is the second section of the reactivity table in order from most to least reactive :
Magnesium
Lead
Tin
Carbon
Iron
Aluminium
Zinc
Magnesium (Mondays)
Aluminium (Are)
Carbon (Chaos)
Zinc (Zoos)
Iron (Increase)
Tin (their)
Lead (luck)
What does the acronym: Monday are chaos. Zoos increase their luck : stand for
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
What is the acronym for Magnesium, Lead, Tin, Carbon, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc
Mondays are chaos. Zooms increase their luck
Do the metals Magnesium, Lead, Tin, Carbon, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc react with water acids or oxygen
Reacts with acids and oxygen
In the third section of the reactivity table put these metals into reactivity order from most reactive to least reactive
Mercury
Gold
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Hydrogen (How)
Copper (Can)
Mercury (Monkeys)
Silver (Smell)
Gold (Grapes)
What is the acronym for the third section of the reactivity table
How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes
What does the acronyms how can monkeys smell grapes stand for
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Do the metals Hydrogen, Copper, Mercury, Silver, Gold react with water acids or oxygen
Reacts with oxygen
What is the full acronym for the reactivity table
Professor
Snape
Likes
Calculations.
Mondays
Are
Chaos.
Zoos
Increase
Their
Luck.
How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes?
Using the acronym list the full metal reactivity table:
Professor
Snape
Likes
Calculations.
Mondays
Are
Chaos.
Zoos
Increase
Their
Luck.
How
Can
Monkeys
Smell
Grapes?
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
What 2 elements on the metal reactivity table are not metals
Carbon
Hydrogen
What is produced when metals react with water
Metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
When potassium is added to water what will happen
-Floats
-moves around very quickly on the surface
- catches fire (lilac flame) and releases hydrogen gas
- sometimes has a small explosion at the end of a reaction
What colour flame is produced when potassium reacts with water
Lilac
What is the word equation when potassium reacts with water
Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid
Salt and hydrogen gas
How can we investigate the reactivity of different metals
Placing samples of metals in boiling tubes with 25cm^3 of dilute hydrochloric acid and recording the results (bubbles)
What will the word equation be if i reacted zinc with hydrochloric acid
Zinc + hydrochloric acid -> zinc chloride + hydrogen
What will the word equation be if i reacted magnesium with hydrochloric acid
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen
In order of the reactivity table how will the metals react with dilute acids
Section 1 : violent reaction with rapid bubbling
Top of Section 2 : rapid bubbling but is slow at first
Middle of Section 2 : slow bubbling
Bottom of Section 2 : very slow bubbling
Section 3: no reaction
How will potassium, sodium or calcium react with dilute acids
Violent reaction with rapid bubbling
How will magnesium and aluminium react with dilute acids
Rapid bubbling but slow at first Bottom
How will zinc and iron react with dilute acids
Slow bubbling
How will tin and lead react with dilute acids
Very slow bubbling
How will copper, silver, gold and platinum react with dilute acids
No reaction
What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is hydrochloric acid
Chloride
What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is sulfuric acid
Sulfate
What will the salt end in if the acid the metal is reacted with is nitric acid
Nitrate
What are the 3 main acids we need to remember
Hydrochloric acid
Nitrtic acid
Sulfuric acid
Why are the elements hydrogen and carbon on the metal reactivity table
Carbon and hydrogen are elements used to extract metals so they can be placed on the reactivity table to show whether the metals will react with them
Will metals below hydrogen react with acid
No they will only react with oxygen
How can we prove hydrogen gas has been produced when a metal reacts with an acid
Take a lit splint and place it in the test tube and if there is hydrogen present it should make a squeaky pop sound
What type of salts does sulfuric acids make
Sulfate salts
What type of salts does hydrochloric acid make
Chloride salts
What type of salts does nitric acid make
Nitrate salts
What are spectator ions (the ionic equation for a metal and acid reaction)
A reactant and product
True or False:
Spectator ions dont change at all in a chemical reaction
True
True or False:
Spectator ions change in a chemical reaction
False they do not change
When metals react with oxygen what is produced
Metal oxides
What is the word equation for reacting copper with oxygen
Copper + oxygen -> copper oxide
What is the word equation for reacting iron and oxygen
Iron + oxygen -> iron oxide
What is the word equation for reacting magnesium with oxygen
Magnesium + oxygen -> magnesium oxide
Which elements in the metals reactivity table can be extracted with carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Which elements in the metals reactivity table cannot be extracted with carbon
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
How do you extract metals from ores that are unreactive
Heat the ore
How do you extract metals from ores that are reactive
Heat with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract the metal from a reactive ore
What is the word equation to extract silver from the equation
Silver oxide -> _____ + _______
Silver oxide -> silver + oxygen
Finish the equation for extracting metals
Metal oxide + carbon -> ____+_____
Metal oxide + carbon -> metal + carbon dioxide
Finish the equation for extracting metals
Copper oxide + ______ -> ____+_____
Copper oxide + carbon -> copper + carbon dioxide
What is an alloy
A mixture of 2 or more elements (which one is a metal)
What properties do alloys have
- Different sizes that distort the regular arrangements of atoms
- makes it more difficult for layers to slide over each other making it much harder than a pure metal
