P2 - 7.3 Fractional Distillation

Question 1

how can we separate crude oil

Answer 1

fractional distillation

Question 2

True or False: crude oil is a fossil fuel

Answer 2

True

Question 3

what is crude oil made of

Answer 3

• a mixture of lots of compound
• mainly made of hydrocarbons

Question 4

what is a hydrocarbon

Answer 4

compounds made of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 5

what is the most common type of hydrocarbon

Answer 5

alkanes

Question 6

how is crude oil formed

Answer 6

• it is formed naturally from the remains of dead plants and animals particularly plankton that died millions of years ago
• the hot temperatures underground turn the organic biomass into crude oil

Question 7

how can we retrieve crude oil from the ground

Answer 7

drilling into rocks soaked in crude oil and suck it up to the surface

Question 8

is crude oil a finite or infinite resource

Answer 8

finite resource (it can run out because it takes millions of years to form)

Question 9

are fossil fuels renewable or non -renewable

Answer 9

non renewable

Question 10

what are the 3 fossil fuels

Answer 10

coal
oil
gas

Question 11

how do we separate crude oil

Answer 11

• heating the crude oil and separating compounds by using different boiling points

1) feed oil into a chamber and heat until it turns into a gas
2) pass the gas mixture through fractionating column which is really hot at the bottom but gets cooler at the top
3) the gas condenses as it falls below its boiling point turning it into a liquid
4) liquid runs from tube in column in a state called bitumen

Question 12

True or False:
high chains of hydrocarbons will have high boiling points

Answer 12

True

Question 13

what is bitumen

Answer 13

the liquid used to surface roads

Question 14

what 3 types of oil can come from fractional distillation

Answer 14

heating oil
fuel oil
lubricating oil

Question 15

will a shorter chain of hydrocarbon bonds have a higher or lower boiling point

Answer 15

lower

Question 16

will a longer chain of hydrocarbon bonds have a higher or lower boiling point

Answer 16

higher

Question 17

what will shorter chains of hydrocarbons give us after fractional distillation

Answer 17

petrol
disease
heavy fuel oil
kerosene

Question 18

what is lpg

Answer 18

liquified petroleum gas

Question 19

what hydrocarbons are in liquified petroleum gas

Answer 19

propane
butane

Question 20

what makes the best fuels

Answer 20

very flammable
short chains

Question 21

what makes poor fuels

Answer 21

not very flammable
long carbon chains

Question 22

how can we break down hydrocarbon chains

Answer 22

cracking

Question 23

what type of chemicals can we get from crude oil

Answer 23

petrochemicals

Question 24

what is feedstock

Answer 24

raw materials for the petrochemical industry

Question 25

what can we use feedstock for

Answer 25

• solvents
• lubricants
• polymers
• detergents

Question 26

what is the definition of petrochemical

Answer 26

A petrochemical is a substance made from crude oil, via chemical reactions.

Question 27

what is the definition of feedstocks

Answer 27

A feedstock is a raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction.