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Chemistry > P2 - 10.7 The Haber Process > Flashcards

P2 - 10.7 The Haber Process Flashcards

Using Resources

1
Q

What is the haber process

A

The production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen

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2
Q

What is the haber process

A

The production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen

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3
Q

What is this process:

N2 + 3H2 <-> 2NH3 (+ heat)

A

Haber process

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4
Q

What is a reversible reaction

A

Where reactants can be turned into products and products can be turned back into reactant

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5
Q

Is the haber process a reversible reaction

A

Yes

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6
Q

What temperature is the haber process done at

A

450°C

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7
Q

What pressure is the haber process done at

A

200 atm (atmospheres)

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8
Q

What type of catalyst is used in the haber process

A

Iron catalyst

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9
Q

True or False: the haber process is one of the most important reactions in the world

A

True

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10
Q

In the haber process what is the product ammonia used for

A

To make nitrogen based fertilisers

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11
Q

What do nitrogen based fertilisers do

A

Helps increase food production

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12
Q

Where do we get nitrogen from for the haber process

A

The air (makes up 78%)

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13
Q

How much nitrogen is in the air

A

78%

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14
Q

How do we get hydrogen for the haber process

A

We have to make it from hydrocarbons like methane

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15
Q

Is the haber process endothermic or exothermic

A

Exothermic (releases energy to surroundings)

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16
Q

What is the first step in the haber process

A

Feeding the nitrogen and hydrogen into the top left where they can mix together

17
Q

What is the first area of the haber process called

A

Reaction vessel

18
Q

In the reaction vessel what is the temperature

A

450°C

19
Q

In the reaction vessel what is the pressure

A

200atm (atmospheres)

20
Q

Where is the iron catalyst in the haber process

A

Inside the reaction vessel in the middle of the

21
Q

True or False: gases can freely pass through the iron catalyst in the haber process

A

True

22
Q

Whilst inside the reaction vessel what does hydrogen and nitrogen form when reacted together

A

Ammonia

23
Q

True or False: in the haber process it is a compound formed in the reaction vessel

A

False it is a mixture

24
Q

What elements can you find in the reaction vessel during the haber process

A

Ammonia
Nitrogen
Hydrogen

25
Q

Does ammonia have a high or low boiling point

A

Fairly low

26
Q

What is the second step of the haber process

A

Nitrogen and hydrogen mix together to form ammonia

27
Q

What is the third step of the haber process

A

Ammonia goes through a pipe into an area called the condensor, which condenses the gas turning into a liquid

Hydrogen and nitrogen don’t condense due to low boiling points and are recycled back around to the reaction vessel

28
Q

What happens in the condensor

A
  • gaseous ammonia is condensed into liquid ammonia due to low BP
  • hydrogen and nitrogen stay in gaseous form and are recycled back into reaction vessel due to low BP
29
Q

Is the condenser hot or cold

A

Cold

30
Q

What is the symbol equation for the haber process

A

N2 + 3H2 <-> 2NH3 (+ heat)

->
Iron catalyst
450°C
200atm

31
Q

What 3 things do we need to consider when looking at why the temperature in the haber process is 450°C and the pressure is 200atm

A

% yield
Rate of reaction
Cost

32
Q

Why is the temperature in the haber process at 450°C

A
  • because it is exothermic, it needs a low temp to favour forward reaction to achieve higher % yield
  • it needs a higher temperature to increase rate of reaction as particles need lots of kinetic energy in order to react
  • chosen as a compromise as it produces a lower yield but a higher rate of reaction
  • generating heat is expensive so using a high temp is very costly
33
Q

Why is the pressure in the haber process at 200atm

A
  • to achieve a higher % yield by having a high pressure (means there are fewer molecules of product than there are reactants) - pushes equilibrium to the right
  • higher pressure increases rate of reaction, higher pressure means particles collide more frequently
  • high pressure is limited by cost and safety as maintaining a high pressure is costly and if it goes wrong it can be very dangerous
34
Q

What is the word equation for the haber process

A

Nitrogen + hydrogen <-> ammonia

Chemistry (91 decks)

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