P1 - 1.1 Atoms Flashcards
Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table
Where can we find atoms
Atoms are tiny particles that make up everything in life (a bit like cells)
How many atoms are in a single cell
100 trillion (they are very small)
Describe the structure of an atom
Nucleus in the centre containing protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting the nucleus in rings that we call shells
What is the nucleus made up of
Neutrons
Protons
Do protons and neutrons have the same mass
Yes, 1
How much smaller is an electrons mass compared to protons and neutrons
X2000
0
What charge do protons have
+1
Positive
What charge do neutrons have
Neutral
0
What charge do electrons have
-1
Negative
What is the charge and mass of protons
Mass = 1
Charge = +1
What is the charge and mass of neutrons
Mass = 1
Charge = 0
What is the charge and mass of electrons
Mass = 0
Charge = -1
What determines the size of an atoms
Which element it is
Roughly what is the radius size of an atom
0.1nm
When measuring the radius of an atom where do we measure from
The centre of the nucleus to the outermost electron ring
True or False:
An atom has mostly empty space
True
How much smaller is the nucleus compared to the atom
X10,000 smaller
If an atom has 3 protons and 3 electrons what is the overall charge
0 it is neutral
True or False:
Atoms can gain and lose electrons
True
If an atom gains/ loses electrons what happens to the overall charge
It is no longer balanced
What do we call atoms that have gained/lost electrons
Ions
If an atom has gained an electron to become an ion and now has 3 protons and 4 electrons what is the type of ion is becomes
It becomes a negative ion because there are more electrons than protons
What is the type of ion:
3 protons
5 electrons
2- Negative ion
(There are 2 more electrons than protons)
What is the type of ion:
3 protons
4 electrons
1- Negative ion
(It has one more electron than protons)
What is the type of ion:
5 protons
9 electrons
3- Negative ion
(It has 3 more electrons than protons)
What causes an ion to be negative
Having more electrons than protons
If an atom has lost electrons to become an ion what is the ion called
A positive ion
What type of ion is:
3 protons
2 electrons
1+ Positive ion
(It has one more proton than electrons)
What type of ion is:
4 protons
2 electrons
2+ Positive ion
( it has 2 more protons)
What type of ion is:
7 protons
4 electrons
3+ Positive ion
( it has 3 more protons than electrons)
What does each box on the periodic table represent
A different type of atom - which are called elements
what are nuclear symbols
The letters on the periodic table which determine which element it is and the relative formula mass and atomic number
Where is the atomic number on the periodic table
Bottom number under the nuclear symbol
What does the atomic number tell us
How many protons there are in an atom
What is the same thing as a nuclear symbol
Elemental symbol
What is the top number above the nuclear symbol on the periodic table
Relative atomic mass
What is the relative atomic mass, nuclear symbol and atomic number of Oxygen:
16
O
8
Relative atomic mass: 16
Nuclear symbol: O
Atomic number: 8
What is in the relative atomic mass
The number of neutrons and protons added together (everything in the nucleus)
True or False:
In an atom protons=electrons
True
True or False:
In an atom protons=neutrons
False
Protons=electrons
How do we work out the number of neutrons in an atom
Relative atomic mass number - atomic number
How many neutrons does Lithium have
7
Li
3
relative mass number - atomic number
7-4 = 3
Li has 3 neutrons
Electrons orbit the nucleus in e_____ s_____
Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy shells
