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Chemistry > P1 - 1.2 Elements, Isotopes and Relative Atomic Mass > Flashcards

P1 - 1.2 Elements, Isotopes and Relative Atomic Mass Flashcards

Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and is made up of only one type of atom.

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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3
Q

True or False: All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.

A

True.

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4
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The relative atomic mass is a __________ average.

A

weighted.

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6
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons in an atom.

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7
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

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8
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT an isotope of Carbon? A) Carbon-12 B) Carbon-14 C) Carbon-15 D) Oxygen-16

A

D) Oxygen-16.

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9
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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10
Q

True or False: The mass number is always greater than the atomic number.

A

True.

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11
Q

What is the significance of relative atomic mass in the periodic table?

A

It helps determine the average mass of an element’s isotopes found in nature.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Isotopes can be __________ or __________ depending on their stability.

A

stable; unstable.

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13
Q

What is the term for the process by which unstable isotopes decay?

A

Radioactive decay.

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14
Q

Multiple choice: Which isotope of Hydrogen is the most abundant? A) Deuterium B) Tritium C) Protium D) Hydrogen-1

A

C) Protium.

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15
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of Carbon if it has isotopes Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?

A

Approximately 12.01.

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16
Q

What are the three main types of isotopes?

A

Stable isotopes, radioactive isotopes, and synthetic isotopes.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of an element is often used in calculations involving moles.

A

molar mass.

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18
Q

True or False: The chemical behavior of isotopes is identical.

A

True.

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19
Q

What is the primary use of isotopes in medicine?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as cancer.

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20
Q

Multiple choice: Which of these elements has the atomic number 8? A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Carbon D) Helium

A

B) Oxygen.

21
Q

What does the term ‘nucleon’ refer to?

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The average relative atomic mass of an element takes into account the __________ of its isotopes.

A

abundance.

23
Q

What is the formula for calculating the relative atomic mass from isotopes?

A

Sum of (isotope mass x fractional abundance) for all isotopes.

24
Q

True or False: Isotopes of the same element can have different physical properties.

A

True.

25
Q

What is a common application of stable isotopes in research?

A

Tracing chemical pathways in biological systems.

26
Q

Multiple choice: Which isotope of Uranium is commonly used in nuclear reactors? A) Uranium-235 B) Uranium-238 C) Uranium-234 D) Uranium-239

A

A) Uranium-235.

27
Q

What distinguishes a synthetic isotope from a natural isotope?

A

Synthetic isotopes are artificially created in laboratories.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of an isotope determines its stability.

A

neutron-to-proton ratio.

29
Q

What type of decay does Carbon-14 undergo?

A

Beta decay.

30
Q

True or False: Isotopes with a higher number of neutrons tend to be more stable.

A

False.

31
Q

What is the role of isotopes in carbon dating?

A

To estimate the age of organic materials based on the decay of Carbon-14.

32
Q

Multiple choice: Which element has the highest number of stable isotopes? A) Tin B) Lead C) Gold D) Uranium

A

A) Tin.

33
Q

What is the main difference between atomic mass and relative atomic mass?

A

Atomic mass is the mass of a specific isotope, while relative atomic mass is the average based on isotopic distribution.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of an atom contains protons and neutrons.

A

nucleus.

35
Q

What is a common method for determining the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

Mass spectrometry.

36
Q

True or False: The relative atomic mass can be a whole number.

A

False.

37
Q

What term describes the time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay?

A

Half-life.

38
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of radioactive isotopes? A) They are always stable B) They emit radiation C) They have a fixed mass number D) They cannot be used in medicine

A

B) They emit radiation.

39
Q

What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu)?

A

It is a standard unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of isotopes can be used to determine the age of rocks and fossils.

A

radioactive decay.

41
Q

True or False: Isotopes have different chemical reactivities.

A

False.

42
Q

What is the main feature that defines a molecule?

A

A group of two or more atoms bonded together.

43
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of an isotope? A) O2 B) H2O C) Carbon-12 D) NaCl

A

C) Carbon-12.

44
Q

What does the term ‘isotopic abundance’ refer to?

A

The relative proportion of each isotope of an element in a sample.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of an element can affect its physical properties, such as density.

A

isotopic composition.

46
Q

True or False: The number of protons in an atom determines its identity as an element.

A

True.

47
Q

What is the relationship between mass number and atomic number?

A

Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.

48
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following statements is true about isotopes? A) They always have the same mass number B) They can have different physical properties C) They cannot be used in scientific research D) They always have the same number of neutrons

A

B) They can have different physical properties.

Chemistry (89 decks)

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