11- Red cell production and turnover

Question 1

What are types of White Blood Cells

Answer 1

Monocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes

Question 2

What membranous bones are RBCs produced in.

Answer 2

Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribs and Pelvis

Question 3

What is the RBC numbers for male and females

Answer 3

Male- 5,200,000 per mm3
Female- 4,700,00 per mm3

Both can be plus/minus 300,000

Question 4

What is the process of RBC production

Answer 4

Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatic Erythroblast
Normoblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte

Question 5

What do albumins do

Answer 5

controls the osmotic pressure of plasma, transport fatty acids and thyroid hormones and moves bilirubin

Question 6

Function of Globulins

Answer 6

Immunoglobulins- attack foreign pathogens
Transport globulins- bind small ions, hormones and compounds to transport them
Thyroid binding globulin- transport thyroid hormone
Apolipoproteins- carry triglycerides and other lipids

Question 7

What is the function of fibrinogen

Answer 7

Form insoluble strands of fibrin leading to blood clotting

Question 8

What can brown urine indicate.

Answer 8

A large number of RBCs rupturing due to the presence of haemoglobin

Question 9

What is it called when red blood cells are deformed

Answer 9

Sickle cell disease/anaemia

Question 10

What are examples of inner proteins molecules that create the cytoskeleton of erythrocytes

Answer 10

Spectrin(majority)
Actin
Ankyrin

Question 11

Do RBCs have mitochondria

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

Why do red blood cells need energy

Answer 12

Sodium potassium pump
Maintain iron in its reduced form
Glucose uptake via GLUT-1
Anaerobic Respiration
Pentose Phosphate pathway

Question 13

What does the kidney control in blood volume.

Answer 13

Controls plasma volume and RBC mass

Question 14

What is the haematocrit a measurement of

Answer 14

The measure of the capability of oxygen delivery

Question 15

What factors affect RBC production via the kidneys.

Answer 15

Decreased oxygen supply (hypoxia) to kidneys cells stimulates secretion of Erythropoietin from cells in the kidney

Question 16

What does Erythropoietin do

Answer 16

Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC’s

Question 17

What dietary factors can affect RBC production

Answer 17

Metal ions;
Iron is essential for RBC production

Vitamins;
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid are essential for the final maturation of RBCs
Vitamin C is important in reducing the ferric form of iron to ferrous to facilitate its absorption

Question 18

What are the causes of anaemia

Answer 18

Blood loss
Iron Deficiency
Vitamin b12 or folic acid deficiency

Question 19

What blood group is universal recievers

Answer 19

Group AB

Question 20

What group are universal donors

Answer 20

Group O

Question 21

What antibodies and antigens are found in Group A

Answer 21

Anti-B
A antigen

Question 22

What antibodies and antigens are found in Group B

Answer 22

Anti A
B Antigen

Question 23

What antibodies and antigens are found in Group AB

Answer 23

No antibodies
A and B antigens

Question 24

What antibodies and antigens are found in Group O

Answer 24

Anti A and B
No antigens

Question 25

How is rhesus disease caused

Answer 25

1. Rhesus-positive red blood cells enter into mother’s circulation
2. Anti-Rh antibodies are produced upon exposure to fetal Rh antigens
3. Anti-Rh antibodies remain in mothers circulation and cross placenta
4. Maternal anti-Rh antibodies attack and destroy fetal Rh+ red blood cells and foetus becomes haemolytic

Question 26

How is Rhesus Disease Treated

Answer 26

1. Mother injected with Rho(D) immune globulin during pregnancy
2. Rh+ red blood cells enter into mother circulation
3. Anti-Rh antibodies bind and inactivate fetal Rh antigens before they stimulate immune response in mother.