11- Red cell production and turnover Flashcards
What are types of White Blood Cells
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
What membranous bones are RBCs produced in.
Vertebrae, Sternum, Ribs and Pelvis
What is the RBC numbers for male and females
Male- 5,200,000 per mm3
Female- 4,700,00 per mm3
Both can be plus/minus 300,000
What is the process of RBC production
Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatic Erythroblast
Normoblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
What do albumins do
controls the osmotic pressure of plasma, transport fatty acids and thyroid hormones and moves bilirubin
Function of Globulins
Immunoglobulins- attack foreign pathogens
Transport globulins- bind small ions, hormones and compounds to transport them
Thyroid binding globulin- transport thyroid hormone
Apolipoproteins- carry triglycerides and other lipids
What is the function of fibrinogen
Form insoluble strands of fibrin leading to blood clotting
What can brown urine indicate.
A large number of RBCs rupturing due to the presence of haemoglobin
What is it called when red blood cells are deformed
Sickle cell disease/anaemia
What are examples of inner proteins molecules that create the cytoskeleton of erythrocytes
Spectrin(majority)
Actin
Ankyrin
Do RBCs have mitochondria
NO
Why do red blood cells need energy
Sodium potassium pump
Maintain iron in its reduced form
Glucose uptake via GLUT-1
Anaerobic Respiration
Pentose Phosphate pathway
What does the kidney control in blood volume.
Controls plasma volume and RBC mass
What is the haematocrit a measurement of
The measure of the capability of oxygen delivery
What factors affect RBC production via the kidneys.
Decreased oxygen supply (hypoxia) to kidneys cells stimulates secretion of Erythropoietin from cells in the kidney
What does Erythropoietin do
Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC’s
What dietary factors can affect RBC production
Metal ions;
Iron is essential for RBC production
Vitamins;
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid are essential for the final maturation of RBCs
Vitamin C is important in reducing the ferric form of iron to ferrous to facilitate its absorption
What are the causes of anaemia
Blood loss
Iron Deficiency
Vitamin b12 or folic acid deficiency
What blood group is universal recievers
Group AB
What group are universal donors
Group O
What antibodies and antigens are found in Group A
Anti-B
A antigen
What antibodies and antigens are found in Group B
Anti A
B Antigen
What antibodies and antigens are found in Group AB
No antibodies
A and B antigens
What antibodies and antigens are found in Group O
Anti A and B
No antigens
How is rhesus disease caused
- Rhesus-positive red blood cells enter into mother’s circulation
- Anti-Rh antibodies are produced upon exposure to fetal Rh antigens
- Anti-Rh antibodies remain in mothers circulation and cross placenta
- Maternal anti-Rh antibodies attack and destroy fetal Rh+ red blood cells and foetus becomes haemolytic
How is Rhesus Disease Treated
- Mother injected with Rho(D) immune globulin during pregnancy
- Rh+ red blood cells enter into mother circulation
- Anti-Rh antibodies bind and inactivate fetal Rh antigens before they stimulate immune response in mother.
