1- Introduction to Normal Function of the Renal and Hepatic System Flashcards
What are the general functions of the renal system
Produce and Expel Urine
Regulate the volume and composition of the extracellular fluid
Production of hormones
Gluconeogenesis
How do the kidneys regulate the volume and composition of extracellular fluid?
Control pH
Control blood volume and blood pressure
Control osmolality
Controls ion balance
What hormones do the kidneys produce
Renin
Erythropoietin
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
What are ureters
25cm long tubes with thick muscular walls which are able to contract, contain valves to prevent the backflor of urine.
Connects kidneys to bladder
What are the detrusor muscles
Muscle that controls the bladder, when relaxed it stores urine, when it contracts urine is expelled
What is the function of urethra
a tube that removes fluid from the bladder out of the body
What is the urethral sphincter
Seals the urethra, external sphincter is striated muscle- voluntary control
What innervates the process of Micturition
Innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Where is the hepatic system located.
Located under the diaphragm within the rib cage in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen.
What binds the liiver
Fibrous connectiv§e tissue called glissons capsule
What does dual vascular supply of the liver mean.
The hepatic artery brings nutrient poor oxygen-rich blood to the liver
The hepatic portal vein brings nutrient-rich oxygen-poor blood to the liver.
Describe the vascular supply of the liver
Liver is highly vascularised
Blood flows through a low pressure channel called a sinusoid
Liver can adjust blood flow to suit demand
What endocrine substances does the liver release and what do they do.
Insulin-like growth factor- regulates cell growth and development.
Angiotensinogen- Vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone which innervates increased sodium absorption
Thrombopoietin- Stimulates megakaryocytes to produce platelets
Hepcidin- inhibits intestinal iron absorption and iron release by macrophages.
What is the exocrine function of the liver
Bile is the exocrine secretion of the liver.
Composed of- bile salts (cholesterol derivative), Phospholipids, Bile pigments, electrolytes.
What does the liver do to carbs
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
