Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

H&C Week 1-2 > 11-19 L1 Fundamentals of Chemotherapy > Flashcards

11-19 L1 Fundamentals of Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

define

Cell Kill hypothesis

A

States that a constant fraction of tumor cells will be killed with each chemotherapy cycle

Thus cell killing is a log-function and the tumor burden will (in theroy) never reach absolute zeroa

10^9 kill 99.999% only 10^5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

A
  • Phase I: new drug don’t know much about it
    • dose escalation to determine toxicity profile, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and max tolerated dose
  • Phase II: how it works
    • Determine agent activity in specific diseases
  • Phase III: compare it to other drugs
    • Compare efficacy of ABVD vs DEACOPP in HL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Whats the difference b/t

CCSA (cell cycle specific agents)

CCNSA (Cell cycle non-specific agents)

A
  • CCSA:
    • act at specific stages of the cell cycle espcially those stages representing active DNA/cell proliferation
    • not effective in G0 phase
  • CCNSA:
    • Cytotoix to both cells that are actively cycling as well as to cells in the G0 phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the Cell-cycle specific agents

define the drugs for

  • S (C-FFIrM)
  • M (P-DoVV)
  • S/G2
  • G2 phase specific
A
  • S phase
    • Cytarabine
    • Fludarabine
    • Fluorouracil
    • Irinotecan
    • Methotrexate
  • M phase
    • Paclitaxel
    • Docetaxel
    • Vincristine
    • Vinblastine
  • S/G2 phase
    • Bleomycin
  • G2 phase
    • Asparaginase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 4 classical alkylating agents (CCIM)

A
  • Carmustine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Ifosfamide
  • Mechlorethamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carmustine

A
  • primary brain tumors, HL, Cutaneous T-cell lymphoms
  • hydrophobic (admin in alcohol)
  • Toxicity: myelosuppression, delayed nadir (21-28 days) Adminstere every 6 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyclophosphamide & Ifosfamide

  • whats its byproduct
  • what does it lead to
  • how do we treat it
  • Toxicity:
A
  • Acroelin
  • causes severe hemorrhagic cystitis
  • MESNA: used as a cytoprotected
  • Toxicity: Bone marrow suppresion (d 8-14), cystisi, cardiac (high doses), immunosuppression)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 2 non-classical alkylating agents

describe its toxicity

A
  • Carboplatin: toxicity–> Myelosuppression
  • Cisplatin: toxicity –> nephrotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the drugs associated with the following classes in antimetabolites

  • Antifolates
  • Fluoropyrimidines
  • Deoxycitadine analods
  • Purine antagonists
A
  • Antifolates: Methotrexate
  • Fluoropyrimidines: 5-FU (5 fluorouracil)
  • Deoxycitabine analogs: Cytarabines
  • Purine anatognists: Fludarabine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methotrexates

  • What is it used for?
  • how do you treat it if given too much?
A
  • solid & hematological tumors
    • ALL, Breast, head nad neck cancer, lung, NHL
  • Leucovorin rescue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of Topoisomerase I inhibitor?

  • What is it used for?
  • What is a major side effect
  • how do you treat it
    • acutely
    • delayed
A
  • Irinotecan
  • Colorectal cancer
  • diarrhea treat w/:
    • acute: atropine
    • delayed: loperamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Provide 2 examples of microtubule inhibitors

What is a major side effect

A
  • Vincristine
  • Vinblastine
  • SE: neuropathy, including constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Provide 2 drugs that stabilize the microtubules

A
  • Paclitaxel
  • Docetaxel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bleomycin

  • Composed of what
  • Inidcation
  • Toxicity
A
  • Mixture of fungal glycopeptides (from streptomyces spps)
  • Indicatoin: HL, NHL, head and neck, testicular
  • Toxicity: Pulmonary toxicity, hypersensitivity rxn, chills, mucositis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

AML: acute myelocytic leujemai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

L-asparginase:

what is it used for

A

ALL (childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia)

17
Q

Baroxitene (targretin)

used to treat what?

A

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

18
Q

Arsenic trioxide (trisenox)

used to treat what disease?

A

APL

Acute promyelocutic leujima

19
Q

ATRA

All-trans-retinoic-acid

A

acute promyeloctyic leukemia

APL differentiation syndrome

toxicity: dyspnea, fever, weight gain, hypotension, pulmonary infiltrates

20
Q

What 2 drugs are approved for targeted molecules for cancer treatment?

A
  • Erlotinib (Tarceva)
  • Imatinib (Gleevec)
21
Q

Erlotinib (tarceva)

  • Target receptor
  • Disease
A
  • Target: EGFR
  • Non-small cell lung, pancreatic cancer
22
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec)

  • Target receptor
  • Disease
A
  • Target: BCR-Abl, PDGFR
  • Disease: CML (chronic myelotic leukemia)
23
Q

Imatiniib

NeVer Mind RED HHAM

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Myelosuppression
  • Rash
  • Edema
  • Diarrhea
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Arthralgia
  • Myalgia
24
Q

Erlotinib

D-HAIG

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Hemorrhage
  • aceneform rash (good sign its working)
  • intersitial pneumonitis (incidcence 1%, 0.5% fatal)
  • Gastric perforation
25
Q

Rituximab

what does it target

what is it used for

A
  • CD20
  • NHL
  • Low grade follicular B-cell NHL, DLBCL
26
Q

Trastuzumab

Adverse events

A
  • Congestive heart failure
27
Q

Cetuximab

Adverse events

A

Severe anaphylaxis

skin rash, folliculites, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lung inflammation, hypomagnesmia

28
Q

Thalidomide (anti-angiogenic drug)

  • how is it given
  • indication
  • toxicity
A
  • oral
  • multiple myeloma
  • teratogenic, neurotoxic
29
Q

Lenalidomide (anti-angiogenic drug)

  • how is it given
  • indiciation
  • toxicity
A
  • Oral agent
  • indicaiton: myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes
  • Toxicity: Teratogenic, myelosuppression, risk of second cancer
30
Q

Bortezomib (Velcade)

proteosome inhibitors

A
  • Inihbits 26 S protesomse and decreases NF-B activity
  • Indication: Multiple myeloma, B-cell mantle cell lymphoma
  • Toxicity: Neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, orthostatic hypotension
31
Q

Sipuleucel-T (Provenge)

  • indication
  • Toxicity
A
  • Indicaiton:
    • castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer
  • Toxicity: Infusion reaction, cerebrovascular events, chills, fever, fatigue, asthenia, dyspena, hypoxima, brochospams, dizziness, headache, hypertemsion, muscle ache, nausea, and vomiting

H&C Week 1-2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions