11 Flashcards
1
Q
sheehan syndrome is characterise by what
A
infertility and loss of eyebrows
fatigues, hypothyroidism, anaemia. hypotension
2
Q
what has a receptor with TYROSINE KINASE Activity
A
INSULIN
3
Q
where is GnRH stored
A
median eminence of hypothalamus
4
Q
what hormone is released with ADRENOCORTICIOTROPHIC HORMONE
A
melanocyte stimulating hormone
5
Q
what mineral is essential for peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
A
SELENIUM
6
Q
what produces PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE
A
pancreatic delta cells
7
Q
what has A and B chain joined by 2 disulphide bonds
A
Insulin
8
Q
which hormone is responsible for the closure of the epiphyseal growth plate
A
oestrogen
9
Q
anti diuretic hormone is synthesis by the
A
supra optic nucleus
10
Q
iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symptom of which ion
A
sodium
11
Q
which enzyme found in red blood cells plays an important role in buffering blood co2
A
carbonic anhydrase
12
Q
the structure of renin
A
PROTEIN
13
Q
what causes an increase in renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion
A
rise in PCO2
14
Q
blood gas normal pregnancy
A
compensated respiratory alkalosis
15
Q
describe Haladine effect
A
binding of o2 to hb displaces CO2
16
Q
where is a chignon found
A
skin
17
Q
precursor for prostaglandin synthesis
A
ARACHIDONIC ACID
18
Q
when are cells most sensitive to chemo
A
S phase
19
Q
where does protein synthesis occur
A
translation in ribosomes
20
Q
inheritance patter SUCCINYLCHLOINE sensitivity
A
autosomal recessive
21
Q
trisomy 13 is associated with
A
HOLOPROENCEPHALY
22
Q
what layer does the anterior pituiatary develop from
A
ECTODERM
23
Q
A 15 year old girl is being investigated for primary amenorrhoea. ultrasound shows no uterus. Mullerian agenesis is suspected. What is the Karyotype in Mullerian agenesis?
A
46xx
24
Q
Regarding lymph drainage of the cervix where does the majority of lymph drain to?
A
EXTERNAL iliac
25
At what gestation does the fetus start producing urine?
8-11
26
Aromatase is key to Estradiol production in the ovaries. Which of the following statements is true
FSH induces the granulosa cells to produce aromatase for this purpose
It is important to have a good understanding of the two main cell types of the ovaries.
The theca cells produce androgen in the form of androstenedione.The theca cells are not able to convert androgen to estradiol themselves. The produced androgen is therefore taken up by granulosa cells.
The neighbouring granulosa cells then convert the androgen into estradiol under the enzymatic action of aromatase
FSH induces the granulosa cells to produce aromatase for this purpose
27
99% of body calcium is in what form?
ca phosphate
28
A baby who has undergone fetal blood sampling during labour due to CTG changes is delivered and cord blood samples are taken. What is the normal arterial pH range for the cord sample?
7.26-7.30
29
Which cell type of the testis secrete inhibin?
SERTOLI
30
Which of the following is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in patients of childbearing age?
BV
31
Which of the following is a function of Glucagon?
inhibits glycolysis
stimulates G proteins, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis,
32
You review a patient in the fertility clinic. The ultrasound and biochemical profile are consistent with PCOS. She has been trying to conceive for 2 years. Her BMI is 26 kg/m2. She is a non-smoker. You plan to initiate Clomiphene. According to NICE guidance how long should treatment continue for (assuming patient remains non-pregnant)?
6 months MAX
33
Regarding the diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes (GD) which of the following values for OGTT is diagnostic according to the (non-modified) WHO criteria diagnosis?
fasting 6.1
2 hours 7.8
34
What biochemical process utilises pyruvate to form ATP?
krebs
35
The internal and external anal sphincters both receive innervation from which spinal segment?
S4
36
Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index of?
Oligohydramnios AFI< 5cm or deepest amniotic fluid pocket < 2cm
Polyhydramnios AFI > 25cm or deepest amniotic fluid pocket > 8cm
37
What is the innervation to the 4th part of duodenum?
All midgut structures are innervated by T10/T11
38
At what gestation does the fetus typically start swallowing?
12 w
39
A Bicornuate uterus is due to which of the following?
abnormal fusion and reabsorption of the paramesonephric ducts during embryogenesis.
40
Renal cell carcinoma is associated with which type of metastasis?
haematogenous
41
What is the fetal case mortality rate associated with listeria infection during pregnancy?
25%
42
The Mantoux test utilises what type of hypersensitvity reaction?
type 4 (T cell)
Delayed reaction
Contact Dermatitis
Graft Rejection
Multiple Sclerosis
Type 1 Diabetes
type IV reaction basis for Mantoux test
43
Which of the following antifungals mechanism of action involves inhibition of squalene epoxidase?
Terbinafine
44
Which of the following best describes Ulipristal?
selective progesterone receptor modulator
45
Which of the following is a single stranded DNA virus?
parovirus
46
What ion following is a potent stimulator of Aldosterone
raised potassium
47
What frequency is used for trans-abdominal ultrasound?
3mhz
48
which of the following ultrasound findings form part of the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of PCOS
Ultrasound features of Polycystic ovaries are:
Increased ovarian volume >10cm3
12 or more peripheral follicles
49
A 15 year old girl is being investigated for primary amenorrhoea. ultrasound shows no uterus. Mullerian agenesis is suspected. What is the Karyotype in Mullerian agenesis?
46XX
50
You suspect adrenal insufficiency. What would the most appropriate next test be?
According to NICE the first line tests for investigating suspected Addison's (adrenal insufficiency) are cortisol level and U&Es.
The cortisol level should be taken at 8-9am. Caution needs to be applied to shift workers as they may have abnormal diurnal variation. When interpreting results:
ACTH SHORTH SYNACTHEN TEST
51
% brenner tumor of ovary that are malignant
2-5%
52
complication that occurs with a retroverted uterus
incarceration
53
Decrease in amplitures of US due to absorption, scattering and reflection is called
ATTENUATION
54
chancroid cause
haemophilus ducyri
55
neoplasm of the female genital tract occurring in an 18-year-old girl whose mother was treated with diethylstilbestrol during the pregnancy is likely to be
clear cell carcinoma of vagina
56
MOA clomiphene
selective estrogen receptor modulator
57
A 60-year-old with erythematous erosive lichen planus on the vulva. What type of cancer is linked to lichen planus?
Squamous cells
58
A Women with 150cm height and 90 kgs weight, What is her category of BMI?
obesity
59
What is affected in Horner syndrome?
abscence of sympathetic supply
60
A town with a total number of live birth is 250,000, and maternal death is 750, number of stillbirth is 250, what is the Maternal mortality ratio?
300
61
The Progesterone receptor is example of which type of receptor ?
nuclear transcription factor
62
calculate perinatal mortality
deaths/live births x1000
63
Radiation unit of decay SI unit
becqurel
64
MOA botox
inhibit release of Acetylcholine
65
20 years old lady menarche since age of 12 years, complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding since menarche. CBC done. Physical examination not remarkable. What to do next?
clotting test
66
Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
renal failure
67
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) structure
tripeptide
68
Delta cells of pancreas secrets
somatostatin
69
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B1 deficency
70
HPL plateau which trimester
3rd trimester
71
Fetal cardiac output to fetal kidney
less than 5%
72
Type of necrosis in brain
liquefactive necrosis.
73
heat stable enzyme in PCR
Taq polymerase
74
ND YAG laser
solid
75
Fetal kidneys mature to form urine at
week 12
76
Placenta previa early confirmed at what gestational age
32
77
Which cell cycle immediately precedes mitosis
G2
78
Monochorionic and diamniotic occurs at which stage
blastocyst 4-8
79
ovaries contain enzyme for androgen production
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
80
In PKU there is deficiency of enzyme known as hydroxylase. This enzyme catalyze the reaction and converting phenylalanine to
tyrosine
81
Increase in caloric requirements after first trimester
100-200 calories
82
Scenario of woman presented with amenorrhea, galactorrhea. Labs were advised which shows high TSH, high FSH, high prolactin
hypothyroidism
83
Muscle not inserted on perineal body…………………………
ischio cavernosus
84
24 years woman had LMP 12 days back. Presented 96 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse. Which contraceptive advise u will offer
Ullipristril acetate, copper IUD
85
Female with length of 2m , Current BMI 40 , to reach BMI 30 she must decrease for IVF
-40kg
86
Forest plot horizontal lines represent
95% confidence
87
Hepatocytic hematopoiesis commence at which week
week 6
88
woman with Bhcg 155 and after 48 hours Bhcg is 270, no C/O lower abdominal pain, no gestational sac seen, no adnexal mass, no fluid in pouch of douglas:
normal IUP
89
2-A woman have got stillbirth at 34 weeks,her thrombophilia screening shows: Hb:10.1 Platelates:135 Protein C:normal protein S :decreased
Anticardiolipin antibodies: -ve
protein S level reduced = NORMAL FOR PREGANCY
90
Convex outline of uterus, lap and dye shows two uterine cavities:
bicornate uterus
91
Which structure devide the paravesical and para rectal pouches
uterine artery
92
Which vaginal structure does not contain paracrine glands:
mons pubis
93
sacral plexus situated behind which muscle :
piriformis
94
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments prevent from:
posterior rotation of sacrum
95
Sacrospinous fixation, which artery is close to it and is prone to be ligated?
inferior gluteal artery
96
Rate limiting step in urea synthesis:
CPS carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
97
arachidonic acid saturated or unsaturated
unsaturated fatty acid
98
alpha-linolenic acid is what
essential fatty acid omega 3
99
Banding used for Cytogenic analysis:
G banding
100
Which of the following metabolic processes produce the most energy needed for uterine contraction:
oxidative phosphorylation
101
Major contribution to amniotic fluid by fetal urine:
2o weeks (18)
102
Monozygotic dichorionic twins is formed at:
blastocyst
day 4-8
103
Anterior pituitary start to develop from:
6-7
104
Fetus start to produce urine:
w12
105
Posterior fontanelle closes by:
3 months
106
anterior fontanelle closed
7-18 months
107
-Which type of cell junctions help in transmission of small molecules from cell to cell in placenta:
gap junctions
108
woman having parvo virus infection ,what is her risk 0f fetal loss if she got infection in 1st trimester:
10%
109
A 69 year old patient undergoes staging investigations for endometrial carcinoma. This shows invasion of the vaginal wall but no nodal involvement or distant metastasis. What FIGO stage is this?
3b
110
55 year old presents to clinic due to vulval itch and discolouration. examination reveals pale white discoloured areas to the vulva. A biopsy conforms Lichen Sclerosus (LS). What is the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma compared to patients with normal vulval biopsy?
5
111
A 28 year old women undergoes transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) at the EPU. What size is the gestational sac typically when the yolk sac becomes visible on TVS?
10mm
112
A 34 year old patient sustains a 3b perineal tear following delivery of her 3rd child. What is the UK incidence of OASIS (obstetric anal sphincter injury) in multiparous women?
1.7%
113
Cardiac OP increases by what %
Cardiac output increases by 40-50% during pregnancy
114
cervical length of what double chances of preterm before 34 weeks in twins than singletonsa
less 20 mm
115
normal fibrinogen level in blood
200 to 400 mg/dL (2.0 to 4.0 g/L)
116
MOA fluconazole
Fluconazole interacts with 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol.
117
Mechanism of action of neostigmine:
inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmissio
118
Second generation progestogen is:
Levonorgestril
119
Major estrogen produced in premenopausal
estradiol
120
Lady with generalized fatigue. Non-pregnant. Done LFT ALP 230 ( raised ). ALT, GGT,
Alb, Bili within normal range. Possible dx
vit D deficency
121
Commonest type of Fallopian tube malignancy :
serous
122
hcg level where visable on us
1000-1500
123
Lung volume decreased in pregnancy :
functional residual capacity
124
minute ventilation pregancy
increases
125
karyotype androgen insensitivty
46XY
126
Patient with primary amenorrhea, normal secondary sexual LH, FSH and TSH values
given. Characteristics, blind ended vagina. USG shows absent uterus. 46XX Dx :
MRKH syndrome
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a disorder that mainly affects the female reproductive system. This condition causes the vagina and uterus to be underdeveloped or absent
127
half life LH
like half
20 mins
128
Lithium associated with which anomaly
ebsteins
overriding right atrioventricular valve (mitral)
129
Frequency of TVS
5-10htz
130
vit deficiency can cause Homocysteine
b12, folate, b6
131
Largest cell in the body
oocyte
132
Which enzyme in the renal tubular Cells is responsible for production of ammonia?
Glutamines
133
Brenner tumor consists of which type of cell
Transitional
134
Urethral orifice is present in which space
Superficial perineal pouch
135
70year old with history of lung cancer reported to ER with complaint of lethargy, fatigue
and polyuria. She also complains of depression. What is the most likely?
hypercalcaemia
136
NAAT (RNA) report for Chlamydia takes how long?
7 days
137
2,3 DPG in pregnancy levels
increase
shift to right
138
which resist horizontal rotation of the pelvis
anterior SI joint
139
epitherlium fallopian tube
simple columnar epithelium consisting of basal, ciliated, and secretory cells
140
Hirschsprung's disease
a congenital absence of parasympathetic nerve ganglia in the distal colon. I
140
CT dose chest CT
6.1 mSv
141
Gene deficencey CAH (21 hydroxylase deficiency)
CYP21A2 gene§
142
Risk fibroid to change malignancy
1/1000
