Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

revision > 11 > Flashcards

11 Flashcards

1
Q

sheehan syndrome is characterise by what

A

infertility and loss of eyebrows
fatigues, hypothyroidism, anaemia. hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what has a receptor with TYROSINE KINASE Activity

A

INSULIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is GnRH stored

A

median eminence of hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what hormone is released with ADRENOCORTICIOTROPHIC HORMONE

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what mineral is essential for peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

SELENIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what produces PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE

A

pancreatic delta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what has A and B chain joined by 2 disulphide bonds

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which hormone is responsible for the closure of the epiphyseal growth plate

A

oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anti diuretic hormone is synthesis by the

A

supra optic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symptom of which ion

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which enzyme found in red blood cells plays an important role in buffering blood co2

A

carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the structure of renin

A

PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what causes an increase in renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion

A

rise in PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

blood gas normal pregnancy

A

compensated respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe Haladine effect

A

binding of o2 to hb displaces CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is a chignon found

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

precursor for prostaglandin synthesis

A

ARACHIDONIC ACID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when are cells most sensitive to chemo

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does protein synthesis occur

A

translation in ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

inheritance patter SUCCINYLCHLOINE sensitivity

A

autosomal recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

trisomy 13 is associated with

A

HOLOPROENCEPHALY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what layer does the anterior pituiatary develop from

A

ECTODERM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A 15 year old girl is being investigated for primary amenorrhoea. ultrasound shows no uterus. Mullerian agenesis is suspected. What is the Karyotype in Mullerian agenesis?

A

46xx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Regarding lymph drainage of the cervix where does the majority of lymph drain to?

A

EXTERNAL iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

At what gestation does the fetus start producing urine?

A

8-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Aromatase is key to Estradiol production in the ovaries. Which of the following statements is true

A

FSH induces the granulosa cells to produce aromatase for this purpose

It is important to have a good understanding of the two main cell types of the ovaries.

The theca cells produce androgen in the form of androstenedione.The theca cells are not able to convert androgen to estradiol themselves. The produced androgen is therefore taken up by granulosa cells.
The neighbouring granulosa cells then convert the androgen into estradiol under the enzymatic action of aromatase
FSH induces the granulosa cells to produce aromatase for this purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

99% of body calcium is in what form?

A

ca phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A baby who has undergone fetal blood sampling during labour due to CTG changes is delivered and cord blood samples are taken. What is the normal arterial pH range for the cord sample?

A

7.26-7.30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which cell type of the testis secrete inhibin?

A

SERTOLI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in patients of childbearing age?

A

BV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which of the following is a function of Glucagon?

A

inhibits glycolysis

stimulates G proteins, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

You review a patient in the fertility clinic. The ultrasound and biochemical profile are consistent with PCOS. She has been trying to conceive for 2 years. Her BMI is 26 kg/m2. She is a non-smoker. You plan to initiate Clomiphene. According to NICE guidance how long should treatment continue for (assuming patient remains non-pregnant)?

A

6 months MAX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Regarding the diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes (GD) which of the following values for OGTT is diagnostic according to the (non-modified) WHO criteria diagnosis?

A

fasting 6.1
2 hours 7.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What biochemical process utilises pyruvate to form ATP?

A

krebs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The internal and external anal sphincters both receive innervation from which spinal segment?

A

S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index of?

A

Oligohydramnios AFI< 5cm or deepest amniotic fluid pocket < 2cm

Polyhydramnios AFI > 25cm or deepest amniotic fluid pocket > 8cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the innervation to the 4th part of duodenum?

A

All midgut structures are innervated by T10/T11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

At what gestation does the fetus typically start swallowing?

A

12 w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A Bicornuate uterus is due to which of the following?

A

abnormal fusion and reabsorption of the paramesonephric ducts during embryogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Renal cell carcinoma is associated with which type of metastasis?

A

haematogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the fetal case mortality rate associated with listeria infection during pregnancy?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The Mantoux test utilises what type of hypersensitvity reaction?

A

type 4 (T cell)

Delayed reaction

Contact Dermatitis
Graft Rejection
Multiple Sclerosis
Type 1 Diabetes
type IV reaction basis for Mantoux test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which of the following antifungals mechanism of action involves inhibition of squalene epoxidase?

A

Terbinafine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which of the following best describes Ulipristal?

A

selective progesterone receptor modulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which of the following is a single stranded DNA virus?

A

parovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What ion following is a potent stimulator of Aldosterone

A

raised potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What frequency is used for trans-abdominal ultrasound?

A

3mhz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

which of the following ultrasound findings form part of the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of PCOS

A

Ultrasound features of Polycystic ovaries are:

Increased ovarian volume >10cm3
12 or more peripheral follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A 15 year old girl is being investigated for primary amenorrhoea. ultrasound shows no uterus. Mullerian agenesis is suspected. What is the Karyotype in Mullerian agenesis?

A

46XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

You suspect adrenal insufficiency. What would the most appropriate next test be?

A

According to NICE the first line tests for investigating suspected Addison’s (adrenal insufficiency) are cortisol level and U&Es.
The cortisol level should be taken at 8-9am. Caution needs to be applied to shift workers as they may have abnormal diurnal variation. When interpreting results:

ACTH SHORTH SYNACTHEN TEST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

% brenner tumor of ovary that are malignant

A

2-5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

complication that occurs with a retroverted uterus

A

incarceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Decrease in amplitures of US due to absorption, scattering and reflection is called

A

ATTENUATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

chancroid cause

A

haemophilus ducyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

neoplasm of the female genital tract occurring in an 18-year-old girl whose mother was treated with diethylstilbestrol during the pregnancy is likely to be

A

clear cell carcinoma of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

MOA clomiphene

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

A 60-year-old with erythematous erosive lichen planus on the vulva. What type of cancer is linked to lichen planus?

A

Squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

A Women with 150cm height and 90 kgs weight, What is her category of BMI?

A

obesity

59
Q

What is affected in Horner syndrome?

A

abscence of sympathetic supply

60
Q

A town with a total number of live birth is 250,000, and maternal death is 750, number of stillbirth is 250, what is the Maternal mortality ratio?

A

300

61
Q

The Progesterone receptor is example of which type of receptor ?

A

nuclear transcription factor

62
Q

calculate perinatal mortality

A

deaths/live births x1000

63
Q

Radiation unit of decay SI unit

A

becqurel

64
Q

MOA botox

A

inhibit release of Acetylcholine

65
Q

20 years old lady menarche since age of 12 years, complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding since menarche. CBC done. Physical examination not remarkable. What to do next?

A

clotting test

66
Q

Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

renal failure

67
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) structure

A

tripeptide

68
Q

Delta cells of pancreas secrets

A

somatostatin

69
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

B1 deficency

70
Q

HPL plateau which trimester

A

3rd trimester

71
Q

Fetal cardiac output to fetal kidney

A

less than 5%

72
Q

Type of necrosis in brain

A

liquefactive necrosis.

73
Q

heat stable enzyme in PCR

A

Taq polymerase

74
Q

ND YAG laser

A

solid

75
Q

Fetal kidneys mature to form urine at

A

week 12

76
Q

Placenta previa early confirmed at what gestational age

A

32

77
Q

Which cell cycle immediately precedes mitosis

A

G2

78
Q

Monochorionic and diamniotic occurs at which stage

A

blastocyst 4-8

79
Q

ovaries contain enzyme for androgen production

A

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

80
Q

In PKU there is deficiency of enzyme known as hydroxylase. This enzyme catalyze the reaction and converting phenylalanine to

A

tyrosine

81
Q

Increase in caloric requirements after first trimester

A

100-200 calories

82
Q

Scenario of woman presented with amenorrhea, galactorrhea. Labs were advised which shows high TSH, high FSH, high prolactin

A

hypothyroidism

83
Q

Muscle not inserted on perineal body…………………………

A

ischio cavernosus

84
Q

24 years woman had LMP 12 days back. Presented 96 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse. Which contraceptive advise u will offer

A

Ullipristril acetate, copper IUD

85
Q

Female with length of 2m , Current BMI 40 , to reach BMI 30 she must decrease for IVF

A

-40kg

86
Q

Forest plot horizontal lines represent

A

95% confidence

87
Q

Hepatocytic hematopoiesis commence at which week

A

week 6

88
Q

woman with Bhcg 155 and after 48 hours Bhcg is 270, no C/O lower abdominal pain, no gestational sac seen, no adnexal mass, no fluid in pouch of douglas:

A

normal IUP

89
Q

2-A woman have got stillbirth at 34 weeks,her thrombophilia screening shows: Hb:10.1 Platelates:135 Protein C:normal protein S :decreased
Anticardiolipin antibodies: -ve

A

protein S level reduced = NORMAL FOR PREGANCY

90
Q

Convex outline of uterus, lap and dye shows two uterine cavities:

A

bicornate uterus

91
Q

Which structure devide the paravesical and para rectal pouches

A

uterine artery

92
Q

Which vaginal structure does not contain paracrine glands:

A

mons pubis

93
Q

sacral plexus situated behind which muscle :

A

piriformis

94
Q

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments prevent from:

A

posterior rotation of sacrum

95
Q

Sacrospinous fixation, which artery is close to it and is prone to be ligated?

A

inferior gluteal artery

96
Q

Rate limiting step in urea synthesis:

A

CPS carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

97
Q

arachidonic acid saturated or unsaturated

A

unsaturated fatty acid

98
Q

alpha-linolenic acid is what

A

essential fatty acid omega 3

99
Q

Banding used for Cytogenic analysis:

A

G banding

100
Q

Which of the following metabolic processes produce the most energy needed for uterine contraction:

A

oxidative phosphorylation

101
Q

Major contribution to amniotic fluid by fetal urine:

A

2o weeks (18)

102
Q

Monozygotic dichorionic twins is formed at:

A

blastocyst
day 4-8

103
Q

Anterior pituitary start to develop from:

A

6-7

104
Q

Fetus start to produce urine:

A

w12

105
Q

Posterior fontanelle closes by:

A

3 months

106
Q

anterior fontanelle closed

A

7-18 months

107
Q

-Which type of cell junctions help in transmission of small molecules from cell to cell in placenta:

A

gap junctions

108
Q

woman having parvo virus infection ,what is her risk 0f fetal loss if she got infection in 1st trimester:

A

10%

109
Q

A 69 year old patient undergoes staging investigations for endometrial carcinoma. This shows invasion of the vaginal wall but no nodal involvement or distant metastasis. What FIGO stage is this?

A

3b

110
Q

55 year old presents to clinic due to vulval itch and discolouration. examination reveals pale white discoloured areas to the vulva. A biopsy conforms Lichen Sclerosus (LS). What is the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma compared to patients with normal vulval biopsy?

A

5

111
Q

A 28 year old women undergoes transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) at the EPU. What size is the gestational sac typically when the yolk sac becomes visible on TVS?

A

10mm

112
Q

A 34 year old patient sustains a 3b perineal tear following delivery of her 3rd child. What is the UK incidence of OASIS (obstetric anal sphincter injury) in multiparous women?

A

1.7%

113
Q

Cardiac OP increases by what %

A

Cardiac output increases by 40-50% during pregnancy

114
Q

cervical length of what double chances of preterm before 34 weeks in twins than singletonsa

A

less 20 mm

115
Q

normal fibrinogen level in blood

A

200 to 400 mg/dL (2.0 to 4.0 g/L)

116
Q

MOA fluconazole

A

Fluconazole interacts with 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol.

117
Q

Mechanism of action of neostigmine:

A

inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmissio

118
Q

Second generation progestogen is:

A

Levonorgestril

119
Q

Major estrogen produced in premenopausal

A

estradiol

120
Q

Lady with generalized fatigue. Non-pregnant. Done LFT ALP 230 ( raised ). ALT, GGT,
Alb, Bili within normal range. Possible dx

A

vit D deficency

121
Q

Commonest type of Fallopian tube malignancy :

A

serous

122
Q

hcg level where visable on us

A

1000-1500

123
Q

Lung volume decreased in pregnancy :

A

functional residual capacity

124
Q

minute ventilation pregancy

A

increases

125
Q

karyotype androgen insensitivty

A

46XY

126
Q

Patient with primary amenorrhea, normal secondary sexual LH, FSH and TSH values
given. Characteristics, blind ended vagina. USG shows absent uterus. 46XX Dx :

A

MRKH syndrome

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a disorder that mainly affects the female reproductive system. This condition causes the vagina and uterus to be underdeveloped or absent

127
Q

half life LH

A

like half
20 mins

128
Q

Lithium associated with which anomaly

A

ebsteins
overriding right atrioventricular valve (mitral)

129
Q

Frequency of TVS

A

5-10htz

130
Q

vit deficiency can cause Homocysteine

A

b12, folate, b6

131
Q

Largest cell in the body

A

oocyte

132
Q

Which enzyme in the renal tubular Cells is responsible for production of ammonia?

A

Glutamines

133
Q

Brenner tumor consists of which type of cell

A

Transitional

134
Q

Urethral orifice is present in which space

A

Superficial perineal pouch

135
Q

70year old with history of lung cancer reported to ER with complaint of lethargy, fatigue
and polyuria. She also complains of depression. What is the most likely?

A

hypercalcaemia

136
Q

NAAT (RNA) report for Chlamydia takes how long?

A

7 days

137
Q

2,3 DPG in pregnancy levels

A

increase

shift to right

138
Q

which resist horizontal rotation of the pelvis

A

anterior SI joint

139
Q

epitherlium fallopian tube

A

simple columnar epithelium consisting of basal, ciliated, and secretory cells

140
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

a congenital absence of parasympathetic nerve ganglia in the distal colon. I

140
Q

CT dose chest CT

A

6.1 mSv

141
Q

Gene deficencey CAH (21 hydroxylase deficiency)

A

CYP21A2 gene§

142
Q

Risk fibroid to change malignancy

A

1/1000

revision (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions