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10 Flashcards

anatomy

1
Q

what support the upper thir of the vagina

A

Levator Ani muscle

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2
Q

Embroylogical origin of the dome of the bladder

A

Yolk Sac

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3
Q

The embryological origin of the allantois

A

Endoderm - Yolk sac

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4
Q

Dermatome pairing for Xiphoid process

A

T7

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5
Q

Which hernia occurs dur to abnormal involution of the umbilical vein?

A

Gastroschisis

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6
Q

During the 4th week of development, germ cells are located in the

A

yolk sac

Gonads do not develop until 6th weeks.

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7
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the distal part of the rectum

A

Internal ILIAC nodes

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8
Q

The main nerve supply to the internal anal sphincter

A

sympathetic fibres from HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS

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9
Q

The endocervix has what type of epithelium

A

columnar epithelium

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10
Q

During oogenesis ovulation occurs when what happens to the secondary ooctye

A

spindle formation

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11
Q

Forms the base of the ischio-rectal fossa

A

skin

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12
Q

Which one of the following structures passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

tendon obturator internus

CONTENTS
Tendon of the Obturator internus
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to the obturator internus

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13
Q

Mechanical dilatation of the cervix can cause collapse. The nerve signals that initiate this response travel through

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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14
Q

A 25 year old woman and her 27 year old partner present with their third consecutive first trimester miscarriage. What are the chances that one or other of the couple carry a chromosomal anomaly?

A

3-5%

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15
Q

Magnesium excretion is by

A

kidneys

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16
Q

A 23 year old woman with irregular periods presents with 5 weeks amenorrhoea, a positive pregnancy test and brown vaginal discharge. Clinical examination is normal. TV scan identifies an empty uterus with no adnexal masses and minimal free fluid in the pouch of Douglas. Serum HCG = 400 IU, and 48 hours later, HCG = 700 IU. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

66% increase
PUL or likely viable intrauterine

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17
Q

The following can be used to treat low mood associated with the menopause

A

Systemic HRT and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

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18
Q

Combined hormonal contraceptives are contraindicated (UKMEC 3 or 4) in women with

A

SLE

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19
Q

With respect to progestogens, what is the unique feature of DROSPIRENONE

A

anti-androgen

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20
Q

Following Ectopic pregnancy, women can be treated with single dose regimen of methotrexate. The risk of recurrent ectopic pregnancy in women trying to get pregnant is

A

8=10%

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21
Q

Completion of first meiosis division during oogenesis

A

puberty

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22
Q

At what vertebral level is the umbilicus typically locates

A

L3/L4

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23
Q

The blood supply to Bartholin gland

A

external pudendal

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24
Q

The collecting tubules of the kidney develop from

A

METANEPHRIC MESODERM

The metanephric mesoderm develops into the excretory units under inductive influence of the ureteric bud, forming the Bowman’s capsule and excretory tubules. I

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25
Q

Ductus venosus is completely obliterated after birth to form which adult structure?

A

ligamentum venosum

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26
Q

what forms the ligamentum Teres

A

obliterated umbilical vein.

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27
Q

When the body is in the upright position, the expected angle between the brim of the pelvis and the horizontal plane is approximately

A

55%

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28
Q

The change in maternal cardiac out-put by 12 weeks gestation

A

+40%

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29
Q

Immediately following delivery, maternal cardiac output

A

inc 10-20%

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30
Q

What percentage of total body water is intracellular?

A

65%

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31
Q

Glomerular filtration rate reaches its maximum during pregnancy a

A

36 weeks

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32
Q

The QT interval is the duration of

A

ventricular contraction

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33
Q

Which one is the most common solid tumour in the neonate?

A

neuroblastoma

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34
Q

Which neonatal tumour is associated with a mutation in chromosome 13q14?

A

retinoblastoma

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35
Q

WHO reference values for semen analysis

A

Semen volume: ≥ 1.5 ml

pH: ≥ 7.2

Spermconcentration: ≥ 15 million spermatozoa per ml

Total sperm number: ≥ 39 million spermatozoa per ejaculate

Total motility (percentage of progressive motility and non-progressive motility): ≥ 40% motile or≥ 32% with progressive motility

Vitality: ≥ 58% live spermatozoa

Spermmorphology (percentage of normal forms): ≥ 4%

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36
Q

is multipartity a rf for pet

A

no

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37
Q

One hundred women are taking the levonorgestrel-only contraceptive pill. How many unwanted pregnancies will occur over 1 year?

A

1

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38
Q

33-year-old woman is admitted with surgical wound infection after emergency caesarean section for suspected fetal compromise. Culture of the wound demonstrates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). She has no known allergies. Which is the most appropriate treatment?

A

vanc

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39
Q

A healthy 23 year old woman has to travel to a malaria-endemic area at 20 weeks of gestation. Which drug is recommended for prophylaxis?

A

melfoquine

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40
Q

Combined hormonal contraceptives are contraindicated (UKMEC 3 or 4) in women with

A

antiphospholipid antibodies

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41
Q

choriocarcinome with canon ball mets survival rate

A

90%

42
Q

A 32 year old woman is administered oxytocin 10U IM for active management of the third stage of labour. This will stimulate uterine contractions for

A

2-3hrs

(1 hour if IV)

43
Q

expulsion rate copper coil

A

1/20

44
Q

Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is characterized by

A

loss of 20% intravascular volume to 3rd space

hypovolaemia, reduced serum osmolality and low sodium

45
Q

half life of mirabegron

A

50 hours

46
Q

side effect of ondansetronq

A

constipation

47
Q

A 23 year old woman has a partial molar pregnancy. The risk of choriocarcinoma

A

0.05%

48
Q

Regarding urinary tract infections, which micro-organism is most likely to be associated with bladder catheterisation?

A

e coli

49
Q

hyperprolactinaemia fertility treatment

A

dopamine agonist

50
Q

hypothalamus is located in which part of the brain?

A

diencephalon

51
Q

type of vaccine is varicella

A

LIVE - ATTENUATED

52
Q

Cabergoline and Bromocriptine are agonists of which receptor?

A

D2 dopamine agonist

53
Q

when is amniotic fluid at max

A

35 weeks

54
Q

What percentage of pregnancies are affected by hypothyroidism (including subclinical hypothyroidism)?

A

1-3

55
Q

What biochemical process produces pyruvate from glucose?

A

Glycolysis produces pyruvate which then enters the Krebs cycle (AKA the citric acid cycle)

56
Q

What is the incidence of molar pregnancy in the UK?

A

1 in 1000

57
Q

what happens to tidal volume in pregnancu

A

increased

58
Q

Horseshoe shaped kidney arises because the ascent of the kidneys is impeded by the

A

inferior mesentric artery

59
Q

The main phospholipid in amniotic fluid at term

A

lecithin

60
Q

Which structure provides the main support to the uterus?

A

transverse cervical ligament
aka CARDINAL and uterosacral

61
Q

Cleft lip and palate are due to a defect in the development of th

A

1st pharyngeal arch

62
Q

Which of the following is homologous to the female epoophoron?

A

epididymis

63
Q

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is a terminal branch of the

A

PUDENDAL S234

Branches - inf rectal, dorsal clitoral/penile, perineal nerve

64
Q

Which structure separates the superficial perineal pouch from the deep perineal pouch?

A

The inferior fascial layer of the urogenital diaphragm

65
Q

Which nerve arises from ventral rami of lumbar plexus and emerges from the medial border of psoas major muscle?

A

obturatot

66
Q

Sympathetic supply to the urinary bladder is derived from which lumbar segment(s)?

A

L1 L2

67
Q

Peptides cross the placenta by

A

active transport

68
Q

The most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus

A

obstruction cerebral aqueduct

69
Q

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibres supplying the urinary bladder originate from

A

T10 – L2 spinal cord segments

70
Q

During ejaculation in the male, the majority of seminal volume comes from

A

seminal vesicles

71
Q

Which artery supplies the DISTAL portion of round ligament of the uterus?

A

inferior epigastric artery (portion in the inguinal canal)

72
Q

Which nerve arises from ventral rami of lumbar plexus and emerges from the medial border of psoas major muscle?

A

OBTURATOR

73
Q

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a

A

glycoprotien

74
Q

What is the main source for premenopausal oestrogen secretion?

A

granulosa cells

75
Q

Inhibin is secreted by which cells

A

Granulosa cells

76
Q

which tissues produce oxytocin

A

hypothalamus, ovary, testis

77
Q

the cellular effect of cortisol is mediated by what process

A

DNA transcription

78
Q

What proportion of circulating aldosterone is bound to plasma proteins?

A

50-60%

79
Q

With respect to thyroid hormones, the ratio of T4 to T3 secreted by the thyroid gland is

A

13:1

80
Q

Serum electrolyte abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism includ

A

increase Ca decreased phosphate

81
Q

which cells secrete the hormone calcitonin

A

C cells in thyrpod (PARAFOLLICULAR CHIEF CELLS)

82
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted onto the adrenal medulla?

A

Acetylechloine

83
Q

What type of electrolyte disturbance occurs in patients with Conns syndrome?

A

hypernatramia, hypokalaemia

alkalosis

84
Q

Which organelles do type II pneumocytes utilize for surfactant release?

A

lamellar bodies

85
Q

The main action of DNA polymerase

A

Synthesise DNA

86
Q

DUring the cori cycle lactate is converted to what

A

glucose by the liver

87
Q

where is the active form of vit D synthesised

A

kidney

88
Q

Glucose 6 phosphatase plays an important role in what

A

gluconeogenesis

89
Q

where does fatty acid synthesis occur in the cell

A

cytosol

90
Q

peticial rash, low sats, cardiovascular collapse

A

Amniotic fluid embolism -

91
Q

Which medication for pph is contrindicated in asthma

A

carboprosg

92
Q

WHO definition of maternal mortality rate

A

deaths per 100,000 live births

93
Q

at ovulation the surge in LH causes the rupture of the mature oocyte via action on what

A

THECA Externa

94
Q

MOA Ulipristal

A

Selective Progesterone Receptor modulator

95
Q

Parametric tests

A

Pearson
T - test
Analysis of variance
f test
z test

96
Q

clomiphene is thought to trigger ovulation by acting as antagonising oestrogen receptors in which part of the body

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

97
Q

what lies at the inferior boarder of the ovarian fossa

A

INTERNAL ILLIAC ARTERY AND VEIN

98
Q

when does Hb F start to be produced

A

week 6

99
Q

where does the upper 2/3 of the vagina develop from

A

PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCTS

100
Q

where do primordial germ cells develop

A

YOLKSAC ENDODERM

101
Q

when intestinal midgut loop fails to return from umbilical cord to abdo the deficient is what

A

EXOMPHALMOS

102
Q

sympathetic supply to body of uterus

A

T11/12

revision (14 decks)

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