10.25 Meninges and Ventricles Flashcards
a _________ hematoma is more likely in elderly patients. why?
subdural
Displacement of the brain can tear bridging vessels (since the brain is floating and the sinuses remain in the same place). with atrophy, more space for movement
hydrocephalus ex vacuo is common with loss of brian parenchyma, such as ____________
Alzheimer’s
Anything that blocks the flow causes ____________
hydrocephalus
the ________ cerebra is located between the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. this is the ______ mater
tentorium
dura
flame-shaped hemorrhages in the gray matter of pons
duret hemorrhage
what can happen with an uncal herniation?
- compress midbrain and cranial nerve 3 (ipsilateral dilated pupil)
- compress posterior cerebral artery, leading to infarction
- downward placement of pons and medulla, tearing arteries and veins - duret hemorrhage
CSF escapes into subarachnoid space over surface of the brain through the ______ and _____ ________.
medial and lateral apertures
the large arteries and veins that supply the brain are located in the _________ _______
sub-arachnoid space
a subdural hematoma is between the __________ and the _________
in between dura and arachnoid
herniation of the cerebellar tonsils occurs into the _________ __________
foramen magnum
tearing of bridging veins causes a ___________
subdural hematoma
arachnoid villi are also called arachnoid ____________
granulations
CSF flows in the subarachnoid space until it reaches the __________ __________, where it flows unidirectionally into the _________
arachnoid villi
venous sinuses
where is CSF produced? (which ventricles)
in the choroid plexus in the lateral and 4th ventricles
obstruction someplace within ventricles (up to and including the apertures of the 4th ventricle)
non-communicating hydrocephalus
tearing of the meningeal arteries causes a _____________________
epidural hematoma
the uncal herniation mainly occurs below the free edge of the __________
tentorium
when could herniation of the cerebellar tonsils be fatal?
when respiratory centers in the medulla are compressed
the _______ mater is continuous with the periosteum of skull
dura
where is the blood-CSF barrier at the level of the choroid epithelium?
tight junctions in the choroid plexus epithelium
capillaries are fenestrated
an epidural hematoma is between the ________ and the ________
skull
dura
dilation of ventricles secondary to loss of brain parenchyma. (common in Alzheimer’s – atrophy)
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
the _______ cerebri is located between the cerebral hemispheres. this is _______ mater
falx
dura
________ ________ are places in the CNS where the dura doubles in on itself to form a partition
name the two
dural reflections
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebri
what is the choroid plexus composed of?
thin walled, leaky capillaries
a thin CT layer
and a single layer of simple cuboidal cells (choroid plexus cells – modified ependymal cells)
the cingulate gyrus mainly herniates beneath the _________
falx
the ________ mater is the second layer, it has thin strands of CT that attach to the pia
arachnoid
CSF is made in lateral ventricles, goes through _____________ _________ into the third ventricle, then into __________ _________ to the fourth ventricle.
interventricular foramen
cerebral aqueduct
what are the three major areas of herniation in the brain?
- cingluate gyrus herniation
- uncal herniation
- cerebellar tonsil herniation
the accumulation of excessive CSF within the ventricular system
hydrocephalus
in the dural _______, dural sinuses form
reflextoins
obstruction after the CSF exits the ventricles (such as maybe a block of the arachnoid villi)
communicating hydrocephalus
