10.25 CNS Development and Malformations Flashcards
the cavity of the diencephalon forms the __________
third ventricle
what is the developmental origin of the PNS?
neural crest cells
what are the three possible types of CNS abnormalities we went through in class?
neural tube defects
disorders of diverticulaltion
disorders of neural migration
neuronal heterotopia is a disorder of ___________
migration
what are the two secondary vesicles of the prosencephalon?
telencephalon
diencephalon
white matter necrosis in periventricular areas
usually a result of anoxia in preemies
periventricular leukomalacia
what does the diencephalon form? what primary vesicle did it originate from?
thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, retina
prosencephalon
holoprosencephaly is the failure of the ___________ to break into paired __________ vesicles
prosencephalon
telencephalic
failure of vertebrae to close but the underlying spinal cord is normal.
spina bifida occulta
failure of the rostral neural tube to close. Much of cerebral hemispheres does not develop.
anencephaly
collections of neurons in what should be subcortical white matter
neuronal heterotopia
smooth brain
lissencephaly
failure of caudal neural tube to close, with cyst containing meninges only
spina bifida with meningocele
♣ Displacement of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
♣ Flattening of pons
♣ Beaking of tectum
♣ Hydrocephalus (CSF continues to be produced but can’t get out)
arnold-chiari malformation
what is a disorder of diverticulation
holoprosencephaly
sac like protrusions of brain and meninges through openings in skull. Cyst consisting of skin, dura, brain…. No skull.
encephalocele
the cavity of the telencephalon forms the _________
4th ventricle
failure of caudal neural tube to close. Vertebra fail to close over defect, forms cyst
spina bifida cystica
failure of caudal neural tube to close, with cyst containing meninges and neural elements
spina bifida with meningomyelocele
what are the three primary vesicles that bulge as the neural tube closes?
prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
what is Arnold-Chiari malformation usually associated with?
spina bifida with meningomyelocele
what does the rhombencephalon become? it’s cavity becomes the ________ ventricle
pons, cerebellum, medulla
4th ventricle
the alar plate eventually deals with __________ information while the basal plate eventually deals with _________ information
sensory
motor
what does the telencephalon form? what primary vesicle did it originate from?
cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, chunks of basal ganglia
prosencephalon
the ________________ is where cells proliferate (adjacent to lateral ventricle) and neurons and glia migrate out to cerebral cortex.
germinal matrix zone
multiple small gyru
polymicrogyria
what do neural crest cells form?
neurons and glia of the PNS
alar plate is __________ to the sulcus limitans and the basal plate is _________ to the sulcus limitans
dorsal
motor
lissencephaly is a disorder of __________
migration
when the fourth ventricle begins to form (brainstem), the basal plate gets more _________ to the sulcus limitans and the alar plate gets more ________ to the sulcus limitans
medial
lateral
periventricular leukomalacia usually involves ________________________ close to ventricles. what could you see?
motor command white matter tracts
bilateral paralysis and spasticity
with respiratory distress syndrome, preemies can have hemorrhage in the ___________ __________ which can rupture into the ventricles and extent to subarachnoid space
germinal matrix
failure of prosencephalon to break into paired telencephalic vesicles (AKA two hemispheres).
holoprosencephaly
what are the 4 characteristics of Arnold-Chiara malformation
- protrusion of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
- flattening of pons
- beaking of tectum
- hydrocephalus
polymicrogyria is a disorder of __________
migration
the mesencephalon forms the _________. it’s cavity becomes the ________
midbrain
aqueduct
