10.18 Synapses and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards
chemical synapses are __________ while electrical synapses are __________ (directionality)
unidirectional
bidirectional
what is the starting material to make acetylcholine?
choline (diet) + Acetyl CoA
what is the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine from choline and acetyl CoA
choline acetyltransferase
what is the essential amino acid that dopamine comes from?
tyrosine
what is the essential amino acid that norepinephrine comes from?
tyrosine
what is the rate limiting enzyme of the synthesis of norpei?
tyrosine hydroxylase
what is the rate limiting enzyme of the synthesis of dopamine?
tyrosine hydroxylase
norepinephrine is made from what other NT? what enzyme is needed to do this?
dopamine
dopamine beta-hydroxylase
outline the pathway to make dopamine
tyrosine –> tyrosine hydroxylase –> DOPA –> DOPA decarboxylase –> dopamine
what does dopamine beta-hydroxylase do?
converts dopamine to norepinephrine
what common amino acid is serotonin synthesized from?
what rate limiting enzyme does this?
tryptophan
tryptophan hydroxylase
outline the path in the making of serotonin
tryptophan –> tryptophan hydroxylase –> intermediate –> a decarboxylase –> serotonin
what is GABA synthesized from?
with what rate limiting enzyme?
glutamate
glutamic acid decarboxylase
what is the rate limiting step for the synthesis of GABA from __________.
glutamate
glutamic acid decarboxylase
the influx of what ion in the pre-synaptic cleft allows for release of NT?
calcium
what are the two types of receptors that could be found on the post-synaptic cell membrane?
NT-gated channels - ions
2nd messenger gated channels