10.17 Neurocytology Flashcards
the type of neural support cell that forms myelin in the CNS. how many sheaths can it make?
oligodendrocytes
can myelinated multiple axons and send out many processes
where do the parasympathetic autonomic ganglia reside?
very close to the organs they innervate. not as organized
what is layer 1 of the cerebral cortex? which looks the _________ (lightest/darkest)
molecular layer
lightest
what are some functions of the perineurium?
diffusion barrier to larger molecules into the nerve fascicle.
maintain ionic balance of extracellular fluid within nerve
what type of glial cells are in the intramural ganglia in the gut?
enteric glial cells
axons are ________ (thicker/thinner) than dendrites
thinner
in histology of CNS: cells that look like they have no cytoplasm, but are a little lighter and less compact
astrocytes
in histology, a cell that has a big nucleus, a prominent nucleolus, and stains Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm:
what are Nissl bodies? why does this cell have them?
neuron
RER, neurons have them because they are so active
name the meninges. (in order of farthest from the brain to closest)
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
what type of neurons (shape) are in the DRG?
pseudounipolar neurons
what is found within the fascicle and consists of supporting CT
endoneurium
surrounds each nerve fascicle
perineurium
what is the epithelial structure type of choroid epithelium? (part of the entire structure the choroid plexus)
simple cuboidal
_________ neurons are characterized by several dendrites and a single axon.
multipolar
_________ maintains microenvironment within nerves
perineurium
where are satellite cells located as support cells? what type of cell are they?
in the ganglia (PNS)
they are Schwann cells
give rise to a single process that bifurcates: _______________ neurons
pseudounipolar
a single process (dendrite or axon) arising from opposite poles of the soma: _______ ______
bipolar cells
what is the yellow “wear and tear” substance that accumulates in neuronal lysosomes
lipofuscin
fixed resident histiocytes of the CNS - like macrophages, set up residence in the CNS.
When activated, what do they look like histologically?
microglia
they look like macrophages
microglia arise from ________
monocytes
_____________ ________ line the ventricles. What type of epithelium do they look like. What else can be special about them?
ependymal cells
simple cuboidal or columnar
can be ciliated
the specific support cells for the ganglia (PNS)
satellite cells (a type of Schwann cell)
where do the sympathetic autonomic ganglia reside?
in a chain next to the vertebral column
astrocytes express what intermediate filament?
GFAP
how many layers does the cerebral cortex have?
6
name the cerebellar cortex layers
the outer layer
the purkinje cell layer
the granular layer
in histology of CNS: cells that look like they have no cytoplasm and a dark, compact nucleus
oligodendrocytes
the outermost sheath of a nerve, a dense CT in between the nerve fascicles.
small arteries and veins run here
epineurium
_________ are required for axonal transport and _________ provide structural support in a neuron
microtubules
neurofilaments
what makes CSF? what type of cell did these derive from?
choroid plexus cells
ependymal cells
