10.17 Neurocytology

Question 1

the type of neural support cell that forms myelin in the CNS. how many sheaths can it make?

Answer 1

oligodendrocytes

can myelinated multiple axons and send out many processes

Question 2

where do the parasympathetic autonomic ganglia reside?

Answer 2

very close to the organs they innervate. not as organized

Question 3

what is layer 1 of the cerebral cortex? which looks the _________ (lightest/darkest)

Answer 3

molecular layer

lightest

Question 4

what are some functions of the perineurium?

Answer 4

diffusion barrier to larger molecules into the nerve fascicle.
maintain ionic balance of extracellular fluid within nerve

Question 5

what type of glial cells are in the intramural ganglia in the gut?

Answer 5

enteric glial cells

Question 6

axons are ________ (thicker/thinner) than dendrites

Answer 6

thinner

Question 7

in histology of CNS: cells that look like they have no cytoplasm, but are a little lighter and less compact

Answer 7

astrocytes

Question 8

in histology, a cell that has a big nucleus, a prominent nucleolus, and stains Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm:
what are Nissl bodies? why does this cell have them?

Answer 8

neuron

RER, neurons have them because they are so active

Question 9

name the meninges. (in order of farthest from the brain to closest)

Answer 9

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 10

what type of neurons (shape) are in the DRG?

Answer 10

pseudounipolar neurons

Question 11

what is found within the fascicle and consists of supporting CT

Answer 11

endoneurium

Question 12

surrounds each nerve fascicle

Answer 12

perineurium

Question 13

what is the epithelial structure type of choroid epithelium? (part of the entire structure the choroid plexus)

Answer 13

simple cuboidal

Question 14

_________ neurons are characterized by several dendrites and a single axon.

Answer 14

multipolar

Question 15

_________ maintains microenvironment within nerves

Answer 15

perineurium

Question 16

where are satellite cells located as support cells? what type of cell are they?

Answer 16

in the ganglia (PNS)

they are Schwann cells

Question 17

give rise to a single process that bifurcates: _______________ neurons

Answer 17

pseudounipolar

Question 18

a single process (dendrite or axon) arising from opposite poles of the soma: _______ ______

Answer 18

bipolar cells

Question 19

what is the yellow “wear and tear” substance that accumulates in neuronal lysosomes

Answer 19

lipofuscin

Question 20

fixed resident histiocytes of the CNS - like macrophages, set up residence in the CNS.
When activated, what do they look like histologically?

Answer 20

microglia

they look like macrophages

Question 21

microglia arise from ________

Answer 21

monocytes

Question 22

_____________ ________ line the ventricles. What type of epithelium do they look like. What else can be special about them?

Answer 22

ependymal cells
simple cuboidal or columnar
can be ciliated

Question 23

the specific support cells for the ganglia (PNS)

Answer 23

satellite cells
(a type of Schwann cell)

Question 24

where do the sympathetic autonomic ganglia reside?

Answer 24

in a chain next to the vertebral column

Question 25

astrocytes express what intermediate filament?

Answer 25

GFAP

Question 26

how many layers does the cerebral cortex have?

Answer 26

6

Question 27

name the cerebellar cortex layers

Answer 27

the outer layer
the purkinje cell layer
the granular layer

Question 28

in histology of CNS: cells that look like they have no cytoplasm and a dark, compact nucleus

Answer 28

oligodendrocytes

Question 29

the outermost sheath of a nerve, a dense CT in between the nerve fascicles.
small arteries and veins run here

Answer 29

epineurium

Question 30

_________ are required for axonal transport and _________ provide structural support in a neuron

Answer 30

microtubules

neurofilaments

Question 31

what makes CSF? what type of cell did these derive from?

Answer 31

choroid plexus cells

ependymal cells