Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nasm-cpt > Chapter 7: Human Movement Science > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Human Movement Science Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Human movement system

A

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetic chain

A

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Regional interdependence model

A

The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biomechanics

A

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anatomic position

A

The position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms forward. It is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Movement of a limb that is visible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sagittal plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flexion

A

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Extension

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion occurring at the ankle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frontal plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, and side-to-side motions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adduction

A

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Bending of the spine from side to side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eversion

A

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inversion

A

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transverse plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Internal rotation

A

Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

External rotation

A

Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Horizontal adduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Radioulnar pronation

A

Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Radioulnar supination

A

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pronation of the foot

A

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Supination of the foot

A

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Gait

A

Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, and sprinting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Scapular retraction

A

Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Scapular protraction

A

Abduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Scapular depression

A

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Scapular elevation

A

Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae.

35
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched.

36
Q

Ligament

A

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

37
Q

Flexibility

A

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint.

38
Q

Hypermobility

A

A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of injury at that joint.

39
Q

Hypomobility

A

When range of motion at a joint is limited.

40
Q

Eccentric muscle action

A

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

41
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates.

42
Q

Concentric muscle action

A

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle.

43
Q

Isometric muscle action

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

44
Q

Core

A

The structures that make up the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC), including the lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, abdomen, and hip joint.

45
Q

Muscle action spectrum

A

The full range of eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions required to perform a movement.

46
Q

Agonists

A

The primary muscles providing force for a movement.

47
Q

Synergists

A

Muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement.

48
Q

Stabilizers

A

Muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves.

49
Q

Feed-forward activation

A

When a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement.

50
Q

Antagonists

A

Muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles.

51
Q

Force

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

52
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

53
Q

Resting length

A

The length of a muscle when it is not actively contracting or being stretched.

54
Q

Actin

A

The thin, stringlike, myofilament that acts along with myosin to produce muscular contraction.

55
Q

Myosin

A

The thick myofilament that acts along with actin to produce muscular contraction.

56
Q

Sarcomere

A

The structural unit of a myofibril composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines.

57
Q

Muscle balance

A

When all muscles surrounding a joint have optimal length-tension relationships, allowing the joint to rest in a neutral position.

58
Q

Altered length-tension relationship

A

When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce.

59
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen.

60
Q

Altered reciprocal inhibition

A

Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist.

61
Q

Muscle imbalance

A

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.

62
Q

Neutral position

A

The optimal resting position of a joint that allows it to function efficiently through its entire normal range of motion.

63
Q

Stretch-shortening cycle

A

Loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction.

64
Q

Series elastic component

A

Springlike noncontractile component of muscle and tendon that stores elastic energy.

65
Q

Amortization phase

A

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading during the stretch-shortening cycle.

66
Q

Stretch reflex

A

Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.

67
Q

integrated performance paradigm

A

To move with efficiency, forces must be dampened (eccentrically), stabilized (isometrically), and then accelerated (concentrically).

68
Q

tendon

A

A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

69
Q

Force-couple relationship

A

The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint.

70
Q

Joint support systems

A

Muscular stabilization systems located in joints distal of the spine.

71
Q

Rotary motion

A

Movement of the bones around the joints.

72
Q

Torque

A

A force that produces rotation; common unit of measurement is the Newton meter (Nm).

73
Q

Motor Behavior

A

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

74
Q

Motor control

A

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

75
Q

Motor learning

A

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled motor behavior.

76
Q

Motor development

A

Change in skilled motor behavior over time throughout the life span.

77
Q

Muscle synergies

A

Groups of muscles that are recruited simultaneously by the central nervous system to provide movement.

78
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves.

79
Q

Proprioception

A

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.

80
Q

Sensorimotor integration

A

Cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

81
Q

Feedback

A

Use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.

82
Q

Internal feedback

A

Process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

83
Q

External feedback

A

Information provided by some external source, such as a fitness professional, video, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment.

84
Q

Neuromuscular efficiency

A

The ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct muscles to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the body’s structure in all three planes of motion.

nasm-cpt (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions