Chapter 1: The Modern State of Health and Fitness

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

Question 2

Evidence-based practice

Answer 2

developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.

Question 4

Morbidity

Answer 4

The state of having a disease.

Question 5

Mortality

Answer 5

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Question 6

Cholesterol

Answer 6

A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.

Question 7

Stroke

Answer 7

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Question 8

Heart attack

Answer 8

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.

Question 9

Heart failure

Answer 9

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 10

Heart valve problem

Answer 10

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.

Question 11

Arrhythmia

Answer 11

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

Question 12

Ischemic heart disease

Answer 12

A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

Question 13

Atherosclerosis

Answer 13

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

Question 14

Hypertension

Answer 14

consistently elevated blood pressure

Question 15

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Answer 15

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

Question 16

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Answer 16

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Question 17

Diabetes

Answer 17

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

Question 18

Glucose

Answer 18

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.

Question 19

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 19

A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.

Question 20

Endorphins

Answer 20

A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions such as reducing the perception of pain

Question 21

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 21

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

Question 22

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 22

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.

Question 23

Patellar tendonitis

Answer 23

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).