101 First Aid/Safety Fundamentals Flashcards
Discuss the concept of ORM
Lowering risks to acceptable levels
Explain “Identifying Hazards” as they apply to ORM
Outline steps in operations & identify their hazards
Explain “Assessing hazards” as they apply to ORM
Determine degree of risk in terms of probability/severity
Explain “Making risk decisions” as they apply to ORM
Determine whether benefits outweigh risks
Explain “Implementing controls” as they apply to ORM
Implement engineering, administrative, and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) controls to reduce/eliminate risks
Explain “Supervising” as they apply to ORM
Monitor; review; feedback
What instruction governs safety and mishap reporting?
OPNAVINST 5102.1D - Navy and Marine Corps Mishap & Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual
Define hazard severity
Assessment of worst consequence that can occur as result of a hazard
Define category I of hazard severity
May cause death or grave damage to national interests
Define category II of hazard severity
May cause severe injury or significant degradation to efficient use of assets
Define category III of hazard severity
May cause minor injury or degradation to efficient use of assets
Define category IV of hazard severity
Minimal threat to personnel safety/health, property, national/service/command interests or efficient use of assets
Define mishap probability
Probability that a hazard will result in a mishap or loss
Define Category A of mishap probability
Likely to occur immediately
Define Category B of mishap probability
Probably will occur in time
Define Category C of mishap probability
May occur in time
Define Category D of mishap probability
Unlikely to occur
Define RAC (Risk Assessment Code)
an expression of risk that combines the elements of hazard severity and mishap probability
List the 5 RACs (Risk Assessment Code)
Critical Serious Moderate Minor Negligible
Define timeliness and means for filing mishap investigation reports
Class A mishap: Within 8 hours; via phone/electronic means
ALL others submitted within 30 days of occurrence
Name the 4 required mishap reportable items
- Class A, B & C gov’t property damage mishaps
- Class A, B & C on-duty DoD civilian mishaps and military on/off-duty mishaps
- Any other work related illness/injury that involves medical treatment beyond first aid
- Other incidents of interest for mishap prevention purposes
State the purpose of a HAZREP (Hazard Report) message
Submitted when the eliminations and control of a given hazard has community-wide implication in reducing mishaps
What are the 3 objectives of first aid?
- Save life
- Prevent further injury
- Prevent infection
What are the 3 methods of controlling bleeding?
- Direct pressure
- Pressure points
- Tourniquet; as last resort
Define the symptoms and treatment for shock
Symptoms: dialated pupils, shallow/irregular breathing, clammy skin, nausea, weak/absent pulse
Treatment: lay victim down with feet elevated 6-12 inches, keep victim warm, and reassure/calm them if conscious
State the difference between open/closed fractures
Open (compound): open wound in the tissue or skin, where bone may be protruding
Closed (simple): break is internal and there is no tear in the skin
Describe the procedures necessary for personnel rescue as applied to electrical shock
- Secure power
- Don’t touch victims body, wire, or any other conductive object; terminate current/remove victim from situation with non-conductive object (broom handle, cane, etc)
Describe the procedures necessary for treatment of electrical shock
Administer CPR after freeing victim (if not breathing); get victim to medical facility
Describe methods for clearing an obstructed airway
- Heimlich Maneuver
- Reclining Abdominal Thrusts
What are the effects and treatment of Hypothermia?
General cooling of the body from rapidly falling low-temp exposure
Effects: Victim may appear pale and unconscious. Slow shallow breathing & weak or absent pulse. Body tissues may feel semi-rigid, arms/legs stiff.
Treatment: Bring body temp to normal; no hot drinks/other stimulants until regained consciousness. Take to medical.
What are the effects and treatment of Frostbite?
2 types:
- Superficial: ice crystals forming in upper skin layers
- Deep: ice crystals forming in deeper tissues
Treatment: Get victim indoors & warm area by placing them in warm water. Other methods include placing under armpits, against abdomen, or between legs of a buddy
What are the effects and treatment of Heat stress?
Body is over heated & depending on severity can lead to heat disorders (2 types):
- Heat exhaustion: serious disturbance of blood to the brain, heart & lungs.
Effects: moist, clammy skin, dilated pupils, normal/subnormal temp
Treatment: Get out of heat, keep cool, get to medical
- Heat stroke: VERY SERIOUS; caused by breakdown in the sweating mechanism of the body. Victim unable to remove excess heat from body
Effects: Dry, hot skin; constricted pupils; very high blood pressure
Treatment: Remove victim from heat, keep cool, and seek medical emergency help
Define HERO; HERP; HERF
HERO: Hazardous Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordinance
HERP: Hazardous Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel
HERF: Hazardous Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuels
Define HAZMAT
Any material that pose hazards to human health or environment
Describe a MSDS and the info it provides
Material Safety Data Sheet; lists specific info/precautions for various substances
