101 First Aid/Safety Fundamentals

Question 1

Discuss the concept of ORM

Answer 1

Lowering risks to acceptable levels

Question 2

Explain “Identifying Hazards” as they apply to ORM

Answer 2

Outline steps in operations & identify their hazards

Question 3

Explain “Assessing hazards” as they apply to ORM

Answer 3

Determine degree of risk in terms of probability/severity

Question 4

Explain “Making risk decisions” as they apply to ORM

Answer 4

Determine whether benefits outweigh risks

Question 5

Explain “Implementing controls” as they apply to ORM

Answer 5

Implement engineering, administrative, and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) controls to reduce/eliminate risks

Question 6

Explain “Supervising” as they apply to ORM

Answer 6

Monitor; review; feedback

Question 7

What instruction governs safety and mishap reporting?

Answer 7

OPNAVINST 5102.1D - Navy and Marine Corps Mishap & Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual

Question 8

Define hazard severity

Answer 8

Assessment of worst consequence that can occur as result of a hazard

Question 9

Define category I of hazard severity

Answer 9

May cause death or grave damage to national interests

Question 10

Define category II of hazard severity

Answer 10

May cause severe injury or significant degradation to efficient use of assets

Question 11

Define category III of hazard severity

Answer 11

May cause minor injury or degradation to efficient use of assets

Question 12

Define category IV of hazard severity

Answer 12

Minimal threat to personnel safety/health, property, national/service/command interests or efficient use of assets

Question 13

Define mishap probability

Answer 13

Probability that a hazard will result in a mishap or loss

Question 14

Define Category A of mishap probability

Answer 14

Likely to occur immediately

Question 15

Define Category B of mishap probability

Answer 15

Probably will occur in time

Question 16

Define Category C of mishap probability

Answer 16

May occur in time

Question 17

Define Category D of mishap probability

Answer 17

Unlikely to occur

Question 18

Define RAC (Risk Assessment Code)

Answer 18

an expression of risk that combines the elements of hazard severity and mishap probability

Question 19

List the 5 RACs (Risk Assessment Code)

Answer 19

Critical
Serious
Moderate
Minor
Negligible

Question 20

Define timeliness and means for filing mishap investigation reports

Answer 20

Class A mishap: Within 8 hours; via phone/electronic means

ALL others submitted within 30 days of occurrence

Question 21

Name the 4 required mishap reportable items

Answer 21

• Class A, B & C gov’t property damage mishaps
• Class A, B & C on-duty DoD civilian mishaps and military on/off-duty mishaps
• Any other work related illness/injury that involves medical treatment beyond first aid
• Other incidents of interest for mishap prevention purposes

Question 22

State the purpose of a HAZREP (Hazard Report) message

Answer 22

Submitted when the eliminations and control of a given hazard has community-wide implication in reducing mishaps

Question 23

What are the 3 objectives of first aid?

Answer 23

• Save life
• Prevent further injury
• Prevent infection

Question 24

What are the 3 methods of controlling bleeding?

Answer 24

• Direct pressure
• Pressure points
• Tourniquet; as last resort

Question 25

Define the symptoms and treatment for shock

Answer 25

Symptoms: dialated pupils, shallow/irregular breathing, clammy skin, nausea, weak/absent pulse Treatment: lay victim down with feet elevated 6-12 inches, keep victim warm, and reassure/calm them if conscious

Question 26

State the difference between open/closed fractures

Answer 26

Open (compound): open wound in the tissue or skin, where bone may be protruding Closed (simple): break is internal and there is no tear in the skin

Question 27

Describe the procedures necessary for personnel rescue as applied to electrical shock

Answer 27

- *Secure power* - Don't touch victims body, wire, or any other conductive object; terminate current/remove victim from situation with non-conductive object (broom handle, cane, etc)

Question 28

Describe the procedures necessary for treatment of electrical shock

Answer 28

Administer CPR after freeing victim (if not breathing); get victim to medical facility

Question 29

Describe methods for clearing an obstructed airway

Answer 29

- Heimlich Maneuver | - Reclining Abdominal Thrusts

Question 30

What are the effects and treatment of Hypothermia?

Answer 30

General cooling of the body from rapidly falling low-temp exposure Effects: Victim may appear pale and unconscious. Slow shallow breathing & weak or absent pulse. Body tissues may feel semi-rigid, arms/legs stiff. Treatment: Bring body temp to normal; no hot drinks/other stimulants until regained consciousness. Take to medical.

Question 31

What are the effects and treatment of Frostbite?

Answer 31

2 types: - Superficial: ice crystals forming in upper skin layers - Deep: ice crystals forming in deeper tissues Treatment: Get victim indoors & warm area by placing them in warm water. Other methods include placing under armpits, against abdomen, or between legs of a buddy

Question 32

What are the effects and treatment of Heat stress?

Answer 32

Body is over heated & depending on severity can lead to heat disorders (2 types): - Heat exhaustion: serious disturbance of blood to the brain, heart & lungs. Effects: moist, clammy skin, dilated pupils, normal/subnormal temp Treatment: Get out of heat, keep cool, get to medical - Heat stroke: VERY SERIOUS; caused by breakdown in the sweating mechanism of the body. Victim unable to remove excess heat from body Effects: Dry, hot skin; constricted pupils; very high blood pressure Treatment: Remove victim from heat, keep cool, and seek medical emergency help

Question 33

Define HERO; HERP; HERF

Answer 33

HERO: Hazardous Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordinance HERP: Hazardous Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel HERF: Hazardous Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuels

Question 34

Define HAZMAT

Answer 34

Any material that pose hazards to human health or environment

Question 35

Describe a MSDS and the info it provides

Answer 35

Material Safety Data Sheet; lists specific info/precautions for various substances