10. Intro to Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of a constant internal environment

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2
Q

Endocrine hormone

A

produced by a ductless gland

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3
Q

Paracrine

A

released from effector cell (E)

interact with a different target cell (T)

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4
Q

Autocrine

A

secreted by E interact with original E cell or similar cell types

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5
Q

Juxtacrine

A

expressed on surface of effector cell and interacts with target cell via direct cell-cell contact

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6
Q

Intracrine

A

Secretes own ligand intracellularly to bind to an internal receptor

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7
Q

Type I NR (nuclear receptor)

A

monomers in cytosol

When activated form homo-dimers and migrate to nucleus

Bind specific gene signals to activate gene expression

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8
Q

Type II NR

A

Heterodimers bound to target DNA

When activated they promote gene expression

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9
Q

Steroid hormones

A

activate Gene Transcription

production of mRNA
Switched off by the action of other proteins or being degraded

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10
Q

Amide and peptide hormones

A

bind to receptors on the exterior (i.e. on the membrane)

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11
Q

Second messengers

A

Small molecules, free to diffuse

Allows AMPLIFICATION

Allows CROSS-TALK

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12
Q

G Protein coupled receptors

A

7 transmembrane proteins (7TMs)

Binding of ligand results in change of conformation within the receptor

external signal is transferred across the membrane

G PROTEIN binding involved

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13
Q

G protein Unactivated state

A

GDP bound

α subunit

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14
Q

G protein Activated state

A

GTP bound

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15
Q

Resetting of G-proteins

A

Reaction is slow

binding of GTP

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16
Q

Two major ways of resetting the G Protein receptor

A

1) Endocytosis of receptor

2) Recycled at plasma membrane

17
Q

Role of IP3

A

causes rapid release of Ca2+ ions

Results in muscle contraction, glycogen breakdown and vesicle release