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FD BLOCK > 1. Intro to histology > Flashcards

1. Intro to histology Flashcards

1
Q

Light/fluoresence microscope

A

0.5μm

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2
Q

Confocal microscope

A

0.2μm

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3
Q

Electron microscope

A

0.002nm

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4
Q

Aim of fixation

A

to kill and preserve the tissue in a state most like that of the living tissue

specimens placed directly in fixative and fixed overnight

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5
Q

Fixatives

A

either cross link or precipitate proteins

aldehydes, alcohols and metals

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6
Q

Most commonly used fixative for histological specimens

A

Buffered formalin

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7
Q

Most commonly used fixative for cytological specimens

A

95% alcohol

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8
Q

Embedding media

A

biopsies thinly sliced or sectioned for viewing under the microscope

embedded in a solid medium

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9
Q

What embedding media is used for light microscopy?

A

wax

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10
Q

What embedding media is used for transmission electron microscopy

A

resin

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11
Q

Freezing

A

Tissues plunged into liquid cryogens such as propane

Section can be cut, stained and viewed in a few minutes Gives instant results

Artifacts arise from cells bursting

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12
Q

Staining

A

Cells can be stained with dyes to impart colour and contrast to the specimen

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13
Q

The most common dyeing method used in histology?

A

H+E

nuclei = blue

cytoplasm = pink

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14
Q

The Periodic Acid - Shiffs (PAS)

A

Sections incubated in periodic acid

oxidises glycogen and glucose to aldehydes

Shiffs reagent

reacts with the aldehydes

produces pink/purple coloured fuchsin

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15
Q

Enzyme histochemistry

A

used to localise the sites of enzyme activity in tissue or cell preparations

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16
Q

Immunocytochemistry

A

technique used to localise specific proteins or protein epitopes in tissue or cell preparations

17
Q

Main uses of immunocytochemistry

A

Localisation of intercellular transport pathways

Diagnosis of tumours
Detection of auto-immune diseases

18
Q

In-situ hybridisation

A

a technique used to localise specific nucleic acid sequences in tissue or cell preparations

19
Q

Main uses of in-situ hybridisation

A

chromosomes mapping

Localisation of genes to specific organelles

Localisation and identification of viral infections

FD BLOCK (18 decks)

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