Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 1000 > 10 - Drugs & Consciousness > Flashcards

10 - Drugs & Consciousness Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are psychoactive drugs?

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tolerance?

A

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s affect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is physical dependance?

A

a physiological need for a drug. , marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is psychological dependance?

A

a psychological need to use a drug, sch as to relieve negative emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define addiction.

A

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Depressant drug?

A

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list 3 types of psychoactive drugs

A

Depressants, Stimulants, and hallucinogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 examples of depressant drugs.

A

Alcohol, Barbiturates (tranquilizers) and Opiates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 6 “affects” of the depressant Alcohol.

A
  1. Dis-inhibition
  2. Slowed Neural Processing
  3. Memory Disruption
  4. Reduced Self-Awareness and Self-Control
  5. Expectancy effects
  6. Alcohol + Sex = The Perfect Storm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 3 examples of Barbiturates? (not necessary to know)

A

Nembutal, Seconal and Amytal. GABA agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the affects of opiates?

A

Depress Neural Functioning. Pupils constrict, breathing slows, and lethargy sets in, as blissful pleasure replaces pain and anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Barbiturates?

A

Tranquilizers. Prescribed to induce sleep or reduce anxiety. Can be lethal if combined with alcohol. The total depressive effect can be lethal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 5 examples of Stimulants. (covered in text)

A 
Methamphetamine
Caffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine
Ecstasy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some consequences Stimulants produce?

A

Crash. Fatigue, headaches, irritability, and depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some affects of Meth? How does it work?

A

heightened energy and euphoria. Meth triggers the release of the Neurotransmitter dopamine, which stimulates brain cells that enhance energy and mood.
Over time, meth may reduce baseline dopamine levels, leaving the use with permanently depressed functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some of the visible aftereffects of methamphetamine?

A

irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures, social isolation, depression and occasional violent outbursts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some side affects of Caffeine?

A

fatigue, headache.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some reasons why people get addicted to nicotine?

A

Often adolescents seeking: sophistication, independence, adventure, social approval.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the the positive of Nicotine.

A

smoking delivers nicotine within 7 seconds. Releases epinephrine and neropinephrine, which diminish appetite, boost alertness and mental efficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the consequences of Nicotine.

A

Stimulates the release of dopamine and opioid. Can develop dependance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are barbiturates?

A

Drugs that depress the activity and of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are opiates?

A

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Stimulants?

A

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

25
Q

What are amphetamines?

A

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speed-up body function and associated energy and mood changes.

26
Q

What is Methamphetamine?

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

27
Q

What factors also influence the psychological affect of all psychoactive drugs ?

A

Dossage, form consumed, user’s expectation and personality, environment (social situation)

28
Q

What is the street name for MDMA?

A

Ecstasy

29
Q

What are the desired affects of Ecstasy?

A

produces a euphoric high and feelings of intimacy.

30
Q

What are the side effects of Ecstasy?

A

repeated use destroys serotonin-producing neurons and may permanently deflate mood and impair memory.

31
Q

What affects does Ecstasy have as a “club drug”

A

dehydrating affect. When combined with prolonged dancing - can lead to sever overheating and increased blood pressure (even death). supresses the disease fighting immune system, impairs cognitive functions. disrupts sleep by interfering with serotonin’s control of the circadian clock.

32
Q

What are hallucinogens?

A

psychedelic (“mind manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

33
Q

What are the affects of hallucinogens?

A

distort perceptions, and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

34
Q

What are some examples of synthetic hallucinogens?

A

LSD, MDMA (Ecstacy)

35
Q

What is an example of a natural hallucinogen?

A

marijuana.

36
Q

List two types of Hallucinogens.

A

Marijuana & LSD

37
Q

What are the origins of LSD?

A

On a Friday afternoon in April 1943, Albert Hofmann created and accidentally ingested LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) described it as “miraculous, powerful, unfathomable reality.”

38
Q

Powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to a subtype of what neurotransmitter?

A

Serotonin

39
Q

What is the experience LSD provides?

A

Vary from user to user, mood to mood. (euphoria, detachment to panic) begins generally the same way; a cobweb, spiral, lattice. Next meaningful images (sometimes superimposed on tunnel or funnel). ppl often feel separated from their body and experience dreamlike scenes so real can even be panic stricken or harm themselves.

40
Q

What is the major active ingredient in Marijuana?

A

THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

41
Q

What are some adverse affects of Marijuana?

A

relaxes, dis inhibits, may produce a euphoric high. Mild hallucinogen. Amplifying sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, and smells. Linger in the body for a month or more.
the more use, greater risk of anxiety, depression, or possible Schizophrenia.
Impairs the motor coordination, perceptual skils, reaction time, disrupts memory formation, interferes with immediate recall of info learned only a few minutes ago,
prenatal exposure impairs brain development.
heavy adult use is associated with shrinkage of brain areas that process memories and emotions.

42
Q

What are the therapeutic benefits of Marijuana?

A

therapeutic for those who suffer the pain, nausea, and severe weight loss associated with AIDS.

43
Q

What dangers does Marijuana smoke create?

A

like cigarette smoke, can cause cancer, lung damage, and pregnancy complications.

44
Q

What are major influences in explaining why some people become regular users of consciousness altering drugs?

A

Biological, Psychological and Social-Cultural influences.

45
Q

Explain biological influences in explaining why some people become regular users of consciousness altering drugs?

A

biologically vulnerable.
Heredity influences some aspects of alcohol abuse problems.
* identified genes that are more common among people and animals predisposed to alcohol dependency.
boys who are genetically excitable, impulsive and fearless are more likely as teens to smoke, rink and use other drugs.

GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS
VARIATIONS IN NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS.

46
Q

What is a genetically neurological contributor to the vulnerability for drug abuse?

A

Culprit genes (found to predispose individuals to alcohol dependency and tabacco addiction) seemingly produce deficiencies in the brain’s natural dopamine reward system, which is then impacted by addictive drugs.

47
Q

What are psychological characteristics that influence substance abuse?

A

life is meaningless. depression. Without job skills, privilege, and little hope.
Experienced significant stress or failure and are depressed.
Avoid coping with anger, anxiety or Insomnia. Dulling pain of self-awareness.
* behavior is often controlled more by its immediate consequences than by its later ones.

48
Q

What are social/cultural aspects that influence substance abuse?

A

Social reasons. small towns - cities offer more opportunities and less supervision. Orthodox Jews, Mormons, Amish, Mennonites = less abuse.

peers influence attitudes about drugs. Also throw parties that provide the drugs. Association

underestimation & overestimation - misperceptions!

49
Q

What is the process called Neroadaptation?

A

Users brain adapts it’s chemistry to offset the drug affect

50
Q

List examples of opiates

A

morphine, heroin - lessening pain and anxiety.

51
Q

What EEG patterns show an awake, alert and awake, relaxed state? - waves & frequency

A

Alert - Beta waves: fast (20hz) waves

Relaxed - Alpha waves: slower (9-14hz) waves

52
Q

What are some types of amphetamine?

A

Ecstasy, Speed and Methamphetamine

53
Q

What are two types of drug dependance?

A

Physical/physiological

Psychological

54
Q

2 examples of opiates?

A

heroin and morphine

55
Q

What is an example of a stimulant?

A

Ecstacy - MDMA & mild hallucinogen.

56
Q

How does LSD work?

A

Hallucinogen. - stimulates serotonin receptors at inappropriate times or for longer then normal durations. affects depend - “bad trip”- control

57
Q

What are five elements to take into consideration in considering an addictive personality?

A
  1. Biological factors ( genes, reward deficiency syndrome)
  2. Psychological Factors (stress, depression, values, risk, etc)
  3. Nature of the Drug (intensity, duration of euphoria (crack vs cocaine), withdrawl
  4. social cultural factors (barren env., social norms, availability, peers, etc)
  5. Cognitive factors (expectations, social &physical pleasure, tension reduced, etc)
58
Q

What is a reward deficiency hypothesis?

A

a genetically disposed deficiency in the natural brain system for pleasure that leads people to crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or that relieves negative feelings.

PSYCH 1000 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions