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PSYCH 1000 > 08 - Sleep and Dreams > Flashcards

08 - Sleep and Dreams Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Circadian rhythms

A

the biological clock that synchronizes with the 24 hour cycle of day and night

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2
Q

How does the Circadian rhythm work?

A

Activating light-sensitive retinal proteins, which then trigger signals in the brain’s suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN causes the brain’s pineal gland to decrease its production of the sleep-inducing hormone Melatonin in the morning or increase it in the evening.

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3
Q

How long are the 5 cycles of our sleep stages?

A

90 min (total)

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4
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

Rapid Eye Movement sleep, A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as “paradoxical sleep”, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.

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5
Q

What are alpha waves?

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

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6
Q

Why do we yawn?

A

In response to reduced brain metabolism.

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7
Q

How can we record Alpha waves?

A

using an EEG

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8
Q

What are sleep spindle?

A

A burst of rapid, rhythmic brain activity in an EEG reading. Occurs in stage 2 sleep

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9
Q

What is sleep?

A

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - As distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

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10
Q

Define hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

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11
Q

What are delta waves?

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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12
Q

Describe stage 1 of sleep

A

May experience fantastic images (like hallucinations, falling, etc)

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13
Q

Describe stage 2 sleep

A

Relax more deeply, lasts about 20 min.
Characterized by periodic appearance of sleep spindles.
Still easily awakened.
Sleep talking can occur in this stage, but is not limited to this stage.

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14
Q

Describe stage 3&4 sleep

A

Transitional stage 3 into deep sleep in stage 4.
Starts large slow Delta waves in 3.
Both last for about 30 minutes
Hard to a weekend.
And of stage 4: Children wet the bed or sleepwalk.

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15
Q

Describe REM sleep

A

Ochers about an hour after you fall asleep.
Ascend from your initial sleep dive, Up through stages 3,2, Brain waves become rapid (As if in stage 1) - Heart rate rises, breathing becomes rapid regular.
Eyes darting (Announcing the beginning of a dream)
Genitals usually become aroused.

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16
Q

In what two stages do we spend half our night in?

A

3 and 2

17
Q

Describe brain/neural activity during REM sleep

A

Although brains motor cortex is active during REM sleep, brainstem blocks it’s messages; Leaving muscles relaxed - Essentially paralyzed.

18
Q

What happens in our sleep cycles as the night wears on?

A

Stage 4 sleep gets progressively briefer and then disappears.
The ram and stage to sleep. Get longer.

19
Q

What percentage of our nights sleep is in REM?

A

20 to 25%

20
Q

What is sleep debt?

A

Accounts of the loss of sleep but our brain maintains

21
Q

What are some benefits of sleep?

A

Neurogenesis, Increases concentration, boosts mood, moderates appetite, fortifies immune system.

22
Q

What are effects of sleep deprevation?

A

Overall unhappiness, Concentration and memory impairment, Increases the hunger arousing hormone ghrelin, Decreases hunger suppressant leptin, Increases stress hormone cortisol, Suppresses immune system

23
Q

What are 5 theories of sleeps function?

A
  1. Sleep protects (sleep patterns have kept us safe and inside at night - away from predators)
  2. Recuperate (Restore and repair brain tissue
  3. Making memories (restoring and rebuilding)
  4. Feeds creative thinking
  5. Growth (During sleep pituitary gland releases Hormone - lessening as we age)
24
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Molecules that are toxic to Neurons

25
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Recurring problems and falling or staying asleep

26
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

(Narco - “numbness”, Lepsy = “seizure”)
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Relative absence of the hypothalamic neural center that produces or Orexin, a NT linked to alertness.

27
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary Sensations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

28
Q

What is or Orexin (also called hypocretin)?

A

a NT linked to alertness. Relative absence of the hypothalamic neural center that produces this, is linked to narcolepsy.

29
Q

What are the night terrors?

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; Unlike nightmares, night terrors occurred during stage 4, Within two or three hours of falling asleep and are seldom remembered. Mostly targets children.

30
Q

At what stage can sleepwalking occur?

A

Stage 4

31
Q

In what stage do nightmares occur?

A

REM

32
Q

What is manifest content?

A

According to Freud, the remembered storyline the dream (As distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

33
Q

What is Latent?

A

Hidden subtexts of dreams

34
Q

What are some theories as to why we dream?

A
  1. Wish Fulfillment (Freud - Thought this as key to understanding our inner conflicts)
  2. information processing (sift, sort, and fix experiences in memory)
  3. Physiological function (To develop and preserve neural pathways)
  4. Activation Synthesis (Random activity That are manifested as dreams)
  5. cognitive (Draws on our concepts and knowledge - brain maturation)
35
Q

What is REM rebound?

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

36
Q

What is paradoxical sleep?

A

Postural muscle paralysis - Brain activity but no muscle activity.

37
Q

What are three examples of sleep disorders?

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Narcolepsy
  3. Sleep apnea
38
Q

What are two terms that Freud used in describing the content of our dreams?

A

Manifest and latent content

39
Q

What is activation – synthesis theory?

A

Making sense of random neural activity

PSYCH 1000 (11 decks)

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