Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Pathology > 1. Spread of pathological processes in the organism. Septicaemia, sepsis, bacteriaemia > Flashcards

1. Spread of pathological processes in the organism. Septicaemia, sepsis, bacteriaemia Flashcards

1
Q

How does infectious agent spread?

A

AMONG animals and WITHIN one animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are defensive mechanisms of organism against infectious agent?

A
  • physical barriers
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin as barrier for infection

A
  • cornifying squamous epithelium
  • ## pH around 7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of transcutan infections can infect the intact skin?

A
  • Dermatophytosis (=ringworm, стригущий лишай) (fungi)
  • Malassezia (genus of fungi)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of infections infect skin through lesions?

A
  • papilloma
  • tetanus
  • rabies !
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arthropod-born disease

A
  • babesiosis
  • Lyme-disease
  • WNV (West Nile virus)
  • African swine fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What defensive mechanism does GIT have against infection?

A
  • low pH (1-2)
  • viscous membrane
  • digestive enzymes
  • MALT-system (mucosa-assosiated lymphoid tissue) (IgA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are predisposing factors for infection in GIT?

A
  • higher pH in stomach
  • imbalance of microflora (i.g. because of antibiotics)
  • clostridial overgrowth
  • decreased peristalsis
  • lack of digestive enzymes, decreased bile production
  • immunosupression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of aerogen infection:

A
  • Marek disease (viral neoplastic disease in chicken)
  • fungal spores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of oronasal, conjuctival infection:

A
  • bird flu
  • fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of urogenital infection:

A
  • FLUTD (feline lower urinary tract disease), cystitis, pyometra
  • dourine (Trypanosoma equiperdum), bruccelosis, AIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of transplacental or intrauterine infection:

A
  • BVD (bovine viral diarrhea)
  • PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of ovogen infection:

A
  • Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does iatrogenic infection mean?

A

relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of iatrogenic infection:

A
  • PCV2 (porcine circovirus 2)
  • EBL (enzootic bovine leukosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors affecting spread of pathogens and the disease

A
  • Infectivity
  • Pathogenicity
  • Virulence
  • Host specificity (PRRSV, Aujeszky disease (or pseudorabies, caused by herpes virus)
  • Invasivity (tetanus, anthrax, FIPV!! (feline infectious peritonitis)
  • Immunological function of the host
  • Contagiousness (ability to spread) rabies, FMD (foot amd mouth disease)
    – Temperature (CHV (canine herpesvirus), rhinoviruses)
    – Humidity, other environmental factors
17
Q

Infectivity vs pathogenicity vs virulence

A

Infectivity - ability to infect. Some pathogens can infect but not to cause the disease
Pathogenicity - potential ability to cause the disease
Virulence - severity of disease, degree of harm caused to host

18
Q

Sequence of spread of the pathogen in the organism

A

Pathogen in the organism -›
Portal of entry -›
Primary processes -›
Metastasis

19
Q

Metastasis is the name of the process or secondary lesion?

A

BOTH!
Metastasis - lesion identical to the primary one
Can be active process - migrating parasites

20
Q

What are the types of metastasis by distance?

A
  • local (direct spread to surrounding areas)
  • regional (via lymphatic circulation to regional lymph nodes)
  • distant (to distant organs)
21
Q

What are the types of distant metastasis?

A
  • lymphogen
  • haematogen
  • intracanicular (ascending, descending)
22
Q

What is the outcome of metastasis?

A

Generalization

23
Q

Types of generalization

A
  • Bacteriaemia (low number of bacteria, only temporarily)
  • Septicaemia (lots of bacteria for prolonged time)
  • Pyaemia (pus gets into the circulation)
  • Viraemia (free or cell associated)
24
Q

Septicemia

A

pyogen bacteria -› sepsis
rottening bacteria -› sapraemia

25
Q

SIRS

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

26
Q

Results of SIRS:

A

High TNF-alpha : DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
- activation of 12 coagulation factor (intrinsic coagulation pathway)
- tissue factor expression on endothelial cells (extrinsic coagulation pathway)
- decrease of TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor) and thrombomodulin levels

Liver damage -› decreased GNG

High NO levels: vasodilation - decreased blood pressure

SEPTIC SHOCK

27
Q

Pathology of septicaemia

A
  • Incomplete rigor mortis
  • Dark red blood, incomplete post mortem coagulation (fast putrefaction, and haemoglobin imbibition)
  • Spleen enlargement (septic splenitis)
  • Generalized enlarged lymph nodes
  • Acute catarrhal (mucous membrane) inflammation in the GI tract
  • Haemorrhages everywhere (mucous membranes, under the serous membranes, in the cortex
    of the kidneys)
  • Cloudy swelling in the parenchymatous organs (liver,
    kidneys, heart and skeletal muscle)

General Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions